Abstract: Fishes are rich sources of different types on nutrients. Various types of fishes are available here, so Bangladeshies are called bangali of rice and fishes. Some species are only found in brine water; on the other hand some varieties are available in soft water. The soft water fishes are found almost everywhere in . Some soft water fishes are either found in natural sources such as ponds, rivers, lakes etc. or they may be farmed. Both wild and farmed fishes are rich sources of protein and also contain significant amount of moisture. The moisture content in wild Catla catla fish is higher than other species. The farmed species contain higher amount of ash than wild species. Protein content in farmed species is also higher than wild species. Calcium content in Catla catla wild species is significantly different from other species. Cirrhinus cirrhosus farmed species show higher potassium content than other species. All of the species are rich sources of iron. Iodine number is also higher in Catla catla wild species. The nutrients content are higher in farmed species than the wild species.

Abstract: The work focused on the nutritional and pharmacological potential of Leptadenia hastata (pers.) Decne. ethanolic leaves extract. The proximate compositions of the leaves shows the values of moisture content (7.63 ± 0.07), Ash content (17.19 ± 0.05), Carbohydrate (47.13 ± 0.17), Crude protein (20.85 ± 0.07), Crude fibre (7.50 ± 0.05), and Crude lipid (2.70 ± 0.06). The Phytochemistry of the ethanolic leaves extract divulged the presence of Tannins, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Carbohydrates and Flavonoids. The leaves extract tested possess some decree of antimicrobial activities on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis at 200 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. The mineral composition analysed (using Shimadzu AA 6800 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) of the leaves quantified the nutritive elements such as Calcium (23.90 ± 0.01), Magnesium (147.45 ± 0.01), Sodium (1.26 ± 0.01), Iron (0.82 ± 0.00), Zinc (2.30 ± 0.05), Copper (2.86 ± 0.01), Manganese (1.80 ± 0.00), Chromium (0.25 ± 0.00) and potassium (0.18 ± 0.00). While Lead and Cadmium are absent. Nevertheless, the invitro antioxidant potentiality was evaluated using 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH Sigma-Aldrich), which shows promising antioxidant activity of the plant leaves extract.

Abstract: Jatropha is a multipurpose genus rich in oil that can be used to manufacture fuel, candles, soap, cosmetic and drugs. Defatted kernel meal of Jatropha non-toxic species can also be used as animal feed because of its protein high content. Three Jatropha species, J. cinerea, J. curcas and J. platyphylla grown in Northwest of México were evaluated for seed, oil and defatted meal characteristics. Seed characteristics, oil yield and fatty acid composition differed significantly among the genus with minimal variation in thermal oil characteristics. Jatropha oil yield (55-62%) was higher than other commercial oilseeds as soya and rapeseed. J. cinerea and J. platyphylla oils and their defatted meals exhibited similar characteristics and profiles. The levels of all essential amino acids, except lysine, were higher than the recommended for a child of 2-5 years old. Amino acid composition of J. curcas was superior to those of J. cinerea and J. platyphylla and can therefore be a potential alternative as an animal/human food for soybean meal.

Abstract: The near infrared (NIR) spectrum of fish oil is often very weak, and part of the peaks are submerged in the noise and are difficult to distinguish especially when NIR spectrum is applied to component analysis. A new method is proposed to get the pretreatment of NIR spectrum, which combines empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with independent component analysis (). The principle and steps of method are given and its de-noising effect is evaluated by some parameters. With experiment, it is indicated that the de-noising effect of fish oil spectrum is slightly better than that of Wavelet and EMD method. After de-noising, the noise has been almost completely inhibited and the characteristic peak of spectrum is preserved well. SNR reaches 34.613. RMSE is only 0.00257 and SR reaches 0.99976. The horizontal feature and vertical features of spectrum are retained well. Then the fish oil DHA content is calculated based on the de-noised spectrum. The correlation ratio of the prediction set is improved to 0.9887 from 0.9682, and the RMSEP is reduced to 0.0308 from 0.0572. These improved that the proposed method is effective to get the pretreatment of NIR spectrum and improves the accuracy of near-infrared spectrum detection of fish oil DHA content.

Abstract: Rose petals have been used as a food ingredient in teas, cakes, and flavor extracts. The objectives of this study were to determine antioxidant components and antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of four different rose cultivars (Macarena, Onnuri, Oklahoma, Colorado). The contents of total polyphenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins in rose methanol extracts (RMEs) were measured by spectrophotometric methods. 2,2’-Azino-bris-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, chelating activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation have been used to investigate the antioxidant activities of RMEs. Results showed that Oklahoma had the highest polyphenol (129.8 ± 7.3 mg/1 g RMEs), flavonoids (23.7 ± 0.2 mg/1 g RMEs), and anthocyanins (18.699±0.354 mg/1 g RMEs) contents, Oklahoma also exhibited the highest DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation except metal chelating effect. This study provides basic information useful to determine the best rose cultivar with high antioxidant components and activities.