Abstract: Impregnation of pores of porous silicon (PS) by Lanthanum Fluoride (LaF₃) using a novel one-step chemical bath technique, and application of the LaF₃-impregnated porous silicon (PS) structure (LaF₃/PS) as a potentiometric fluoride ion sensor have been investigated in this article. The impregnation of LaF₃ inside the pores of porous silicon was achieved using a chemical bath technique developed by this group. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDX on the cross-section of LaF₃/PS/Si structure confirmed the LaF₃ film deposition inside the pores of PS. The heterostructure of LaF₃/PS/Si was investigated as fluoride ion (F^-) sensor in aqueous medium. The high specific area of PS was taken as the key subject to investigate the high fluoride sensitivity of the LaF₃/PS structure in aqueous medium. When experimented with home made fluoride solution having various concentrations the annealed LaF₃/PS/Si structure was found to detect the fluoride ion in aqueous solution. Its response was found linear in the fluoride concentration range of 2.28~4.28 pF. As capacitive sensor the overall fluoride sensitivity was found to be over-Nernstian (400 mV/pF). The experimental results indicate that LaF₃-impregnated porous silicon structure (LaF₃/PS) can be used as a high-sensitive fluoride-ion sensor in aqueous medium.

Abstract: A Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of tiny sensor nodes that are deployed to monitor the environment. These sensor nodes have limited capabilities, especially the energy reserve and processing ability. So, the routing protocols design for this kind of networks is a crucial challenge. Because these routing protocols should be simple, energy-efficient, and robust to deal with a very large number of nodes, they should also be self-configurable to node failures and changes of the network topology dynamically. The most proposed routing techniques organize the network in clusters where the sensing area is divided into many sub-areas. This paper presents a new algorithm for clustering in WSN based on the node residual energy compared to the network one and allowing a better partitioning of the network area which enhance the data distortion at the sink by using the best data coding rate at the cluster head. The simulation results show that this algorithm allows network stability extension compared to the most known clustering algorithm.

Abstract: Measuring piston crown temperature and pressure during engine development cycle is paramount. This paper presents a new development in short distance telemetry system which includes an on board power generation device. A mechatronic data acquisition system is developed whereby signal conditioning is performed by a module inside the piston and the signal passed to a Bluetooth transmitter module for wireless telemetry to a Bluetooth receiver located in very close proximity, connected to an external host PC. The Data Acquisition Bluetooth module integrates a microcontroller that reads the conditioned sensor signal and performs any other required functionality. The microcontroller firmware includes a server that collates the data and transmits them via Bluetooth to the host PC to display via a client interface. An independent power supply consisting of a rotor incorporating NdFeB magnets and a wire wound stator. As the crankshaft rotates the rotor induces an AC voltage into the stator. A rectifying circuit converts the AC voltage into a regulated DC output voltage that drives the signal conditioning and embedded Bluetooth circuits.

Abstract: This paper presents and compares the most important and often used methods to measure turbine blade vibrations: use of strain gauges and telemetry system which is an intrusive method or, on the other site. The Blade Tip Timing (BTT) method known as Non-Intrusive Stress Measurement (System) NSMS. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages which are described below. This paper focused on synchronous vibrations, which are more important in terms of turbine blades fatigue prediction and design optimization.

Abstract: Lectins are group of proteins or glycoprotein of non immunological origins, which can recognize specific carbohydrate structure. In this research work hemaggulutination was used as technique for screening Bangladeshi vegetables for lectin. Five varieties of legume plant seeds Canavalia gladiata(Sword bean),Lens culinaris (Moshordal), Peasum sativam (Motorsuti), Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (Borboti), Cajanus cajan (Arhordal), one Amaranthaceae Amaranthus caudate (katoadata) and one fruit Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) species from Bangladesh were examined for lectins with chicken and human erythrocytes. Crude extracts from all the species showed agglutinating activity against the erythrocytes used. The lowest protein concentration required to produce erythrocytes agglutination varied remarkable ranging from 0.7 µg/ml to 8080 µg/ml. The strongest activities were shown in the agglutination of human blood erythrocytes by partial purification of lectin from Moshordal and chicken blood erythrocyte from Katoadata and Sword bean. Inhibition assays performed with mono and disaccharides showed that agglutinating of erythrocytes by Sword bean, Moshordal, Motorsuti and Arhordal extracts were completely inhibited where others three were not inhibited by the sugars. Amonium sulphate at 90% saturation followed by dialysis. Sword bean, Arhordal, Watermelon, Borboti, Motorsuti, Moshordal and Katoadata respectively which correspond to the 144.21 mg, 202.5 mg, 135 mg, 179.4 mg, 6 mg, 288 mg, and 72.8 mg are the total protein content.

Abstract: In the present work, thick film of zinc niobium oxide was prepared by screen printing technology and its LPG sensing properties were investigated. The structural and surface morphological characterizations of the material were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The minimum crystallite size of ZnNb₂O₆ calculated from Scherrer’s formula was found to be 25 nm. SEM images exhibit the porous nature of sensing material with a number of active sites. The average size of pores of nanocomposite ZnNb₂O₆ was found to be 4 µm. The LPG sensing properties of the film were investigated at room temperature 26C for different vol% of LPG. The variations in electrical resistance of the film were measured with the exposure of LPG as a function of time. The maximum value of sensitivity was found 4.8 for 4 vol. % of LPG. These experimental results show that ZnNb₂O₆ nanocomposite is a capable material for LPG sensor.

Abstract: According to the private theory of relativity the decrease of move speeds are accelerate time. The dream at a stage of rapid eye movement (REM) can be considered as limit of immovability. in this state the consciousness of the person is in the future and is more easily are receives the information from the future. At the same time in cosmos, where the speeds of movement of astronauts are much higher, than on the Earth, they are more easily are receives the information from past. The information from other time arrives to the person in dream through enclosed eyes and its receiving and the remainder is promoted by superconducting capacity of neurons. The appearance of superconductivity at a neurons are promoted by bones of a skull. They protect the neurons not only from impacts, but also from different type "noise", which is causes the fluctuations of positive ions in axoplasm of neuron and these fluctuations is prevent motion of an electron. The lifeless subjects do not need to dormition in order to receipt the information from other time, but in order to it could be seen by the people, all parts at the TV set should to be superconductors. ardent superconductivity is appears at iron wires after covering their of clean bone glue.

Abstract: Sensor networks play a key role in collecting information from the human unattended and surveillance area. The information collected from any types of networks should be secure in all perspective and that too security in sensor networks is crucial because the information is of auto generated type and it is difficult to distinguish between original and replicated information at receiver side. The existing secure mechanism like cryptographic techniques is too complex and it affects the performance of the sensor networks by dissipating more energy for both computational and communicational purpose. This research work aims to propose a low complex simple secure mechanism for sensor networks which can withstand the simple types of attacks to provide a framework for achieving Confidential, Authentication and Integrity. This security is achieved by adopting a firewall rules and packet filtering in the sensor networks with an efficient clustering mechanism for the resource constrained sensor devices.