Abstract: Glycerol etherification catalyzed by heterogeneous mixed oxide catalyst (Ca1.6La0.4Al0.6O3) was studied in a batch reactor and effects of different parameters on the reaction and distribution of the products during the etherification reaction were also studied. The catalyst showed the high selectivity to (di- + tri-) glycerol (88%) at 96.3% conversion, at 250°C, 8h of reaction time and 2 wt.% of catalyst loading. The variations of diglycerol isomers (αα’, αβ, and ββ’) versus reaction time were studied for these catalyst and αα’ dimer was the favored diglycerol isomer, indicated that the reaction mainly occurred on the external surface of the catalyst. Reaction parameters were optimized based on this catalyst and the relationships between reaction parameters were investigated. The statistical optimal values of variables were obtained where the CCRD and the response at the different points yielded maximum diglycerol yield and a quadratic polynomial equation was developed.

Abstract: Citrus juice processing residues are mainly composed of peel, juice sack and seed. The peel, especially, consists of bioactive compounds such as flavones. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction of flavonoid was carried out at a pressure of 30 MPa and temperature ranging from 80 to 160°C. Ratio of water and ethanol as a co-solvent was varied from 0 to 100%. Flavonoids such as naringin and hesperidin have glycoside group, thus water was a good solvent for extraction of these compounds. Extraction behavior of tangeretin was quite different, the yield of tangeretin tended to increase with ethanol concentration.

Abstract: In this study, HA/MWCNTs/BSA composites with highly improved mechanical properties for use as bone replacement materials were developed. The HA/MWCNTs/BSA composites powders with different types of MWCNTs (MWCNTs-OH, MWCNTs) were successfully prepared. Compressive strength tests and cell toxicity test on human fibroblasts cell lines (CCD-18Co) were performed to evaluate the mechanical and biological properties of the developed composites. The results show that the HA composites which are prepared using MWCNTs-OH and BSA with compressive strength of 18.92 MPa has the highest results in comparison with HA composites which are prepared using non-functionalized MWCNTs. The obtained compressive strength is higher than values that reported for the strength of trabecular bone (2-12 MPa). Cell culture experiments showed that at low concentrations (6.25 and 12.5 mg/ml), HA/MWCNT/BSA composites led to cell proliferative rather than cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts, evidenced by high cell viability of approximately 250%.

Abstract: In this article was explore the process of preparation of thin coatings based on syntactic foams with silicone adhesive. Proposed chemist of the curing process. The regularities of changes in the physical and mechanical properties of materials on the mixture composition. Was made the choice of optimal parameters form a coating. Resulting coating may be used in construction, engineering, shipbuilding, aviation and other industries as heat-insulating and sound-proof material.

Abstract: Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are among the most popular fire-fighting foams used in liquid fuel fires because of their film forming and fast knock down property. One key ingredient of AFFFs, the fluorocarbon surfactant i.e. perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) which is used to reduce surface tension and positive spreading coefficient, is toxic to aquatic life and is a persistent chemical that accumulates in the blood of humans and other animals. Surfactants are not found naturally in the environment and are man-made. In the year 2000 unexpectedly announcement of phasing out fluorocarbon surfactant’s manufacturing and its storage which effected a number of product lines, including the firefighting foams. Internationally the manufacturing and release of PFOS to the environment will be suspended by 2015. New fluorosurfactants have been introduced into the market with reformulation and used to form aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrates. The toxicity of the new fluorosurfactants and their persistence in the environment are not well established and still are under investigation. Their presence in the future market is unsure. The continuous research and development to find out the substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate derivative (C8) has brought two choices i.e. Fluorine-free foams or Fluorotelomer (C6)-based Foams. These foams which may fulfill requirement of different international standards of fire fighting but still contain small amounts of fluorochemicals and are thus not truly fluorine-free. There is every possibility that even after 2015 new regulation may come in to effect to restrict the use of these new formulations (C6) of fire fighting foam. Therefore, the fire-fighting industry has an urgent need for new, environmental friendly foaming agents and foam stabilizers to replace fluorosurfactants in aqueous fire-fighting foams with enhanced drain time, low bubble coarsening, and faster knockdown and excellent burn back resistance properties.