Abstract: The possibility of development of new coating materials based on oligopiperylene styrene modified with alkoxysilane and galvanic sludge as a pigment-filler is presented in this article. The nanostructure of the coating surface and the influence of the composition and nature of the components of paint and varnish materials on its property are studied. These materials are intended for protection buildings from the effects of adverse factors.

Abstract: Glycerol etherification catalyzed by heterogeneous mixed oxide catalyst (Ca1.6La0.4Al0.6O3) was studied in a batch reactor and effects of different parameters on the reaction and distribution of the products during the etherification reaction were also studied. The catalyst showed the high selectivity to (di- + tri-) glycerol (88%) at 96.3% conversion, at 250°C, 8h of reaction time and 2 wt.% of catalyst loading. The variations of diglycerol isomers (αα’, αβ, and ββ’) versus reaction time were studied for these catalyst and αα’ dimer was the favored diglycerol isomer, indicated that the reaction mainly occurred on the external surface of the catalyst. Reaction parameters were optimized based on this catalyst and the relationships between reaction parameters were investigated. The statistical optimal values of variables were obtained where the CCRD and the response at the different points yielded maximum diglycerol yield and a quadratic polynomial equation was developed.

Abstract: Citrus juice processing residues are mainly composed of peel, juice sack and seed. The peel, especially, consists of bioactive compounds such as flavones. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction of flavonoid was carried out at a pressure of 30 MPa and temperature ranging from 80 to 160°C. Ratio of water and ethanol as a co-solvent was varied from 0 to 100%. Flavonoids such as naringin and hesperidin have glycoside group, thus water was a good solvent for extraction of these compounds. Extraction behavior of tangeretin was quite different, the yield of tangeretin tended to increase with ethanol concentration.

Abstract: In this study, HA/MWCNTs/BSA composites with highly improved mechanical properties for use as bone replacement materials were developed. The HA/MWCNTs/BSA composites powders with different types of MWCNTs (MWCNTs-OH, MWCNTs) were successfully prepared. Compressive strength tests and cell toxicity test on human fibroblasts cell lines (CCD-18Co) were performed to evaluate the mechanical and biological properties of the developed composites. The results show that the HA composites which are prepared using MWCNTs-OH and BSA with compressive strength of 18.92 MPa has the highest results in comparison with HA composites which are prepared using non-functionalized MWCNTs. The obtained compressive strength is higher than values that reported for the strength of trabecular bone (2-12 MPa). Cell culture experiments showed that at low concentrations (6.25 and 12.5 mg/ml), HA/MWCNT/BSA composites led to cell proliferative rather than cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts, evidenced by high cell viability of approximately 250%.

Abstract: In this article was explore the process of preparation of thin coatings based on syntactic foams with silicone adhesive. Proposed chemist of the curing process. The regularities of changes in the physical and mechanical properties of materials on the mixture composition. Was made the choice of optimal parameters form a coating. Resulting coating may be used in construction, engineering, shipbuilding, aviation and other industries as heat-insulating and sound-proof material.

Abstract: Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are among the most popular fire-fighting foams used in liquid fuel fires because of their film forming and fast knock down property. One key ingredient of AFFFs, the fluorocarbon surfactant i.e. perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) which is used to reduce surface tension and positive spreading coefficient, is toxic to aquatic life and is a persistent chemical that accumulates in the blood of humans and other animals. Surfactants are not found naturally in the environment and are man-made. In the year 2000 unexpectedly announcement of phasing out fluorocarbon surfactant’s manufacturing and its storage which effected a number of product lines, including the firefighting foams. Internationally the manufacturing and release of PFOS to the environment will be suspended by 2015. New fluorosurfactants have been introduced into the market with reformulation and used to form aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrates. The toxicity of the new fluorosurfactants and their persistence in the environment are not well established and still are under investigation. Their presence in the future market is unsure. The continuous research and development to find out the substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate derivative (C8) has brought two choices i.e. Fluorine-free foams or Fluorotelomer (C6)-based Foams. These foams which may fulfill requirement of different international standards of fire fighting but still contain small amounts of fluorochemicals and are thus not truly fluorine-free. There is every possibility that even after 2015 new regulation may come in to effect to restrict the use of these new formulations (C6) of fire fighting foam. Therefore, the fire-fighting industry has an urgent need for new, environmental friendly foaming agents and foam stabilizers to replace fluorosurfactants in aqueous fire-fighting foams with enhanced drain time, low bubble coarsening, and faster knockdown and excellent burn back resistance properties.

Abstract: Syrian petroleum coke, produced by a delayed coking unit, is characterized by a high percentage of fines which tends to reduce its commercial value. Blending coke fines using appropriate binders, such as bitumen and polyacrylic acid, can lead, however, to an improved coke that is similar in structure, appearance and other properties to better-quality coke lumps. In this work, samples of Syrian coke fines were blended with Polyacrylic acid or bitumen and thermally treated at high temperatures and increased residence time in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. This treatment led to a general improvement of the petcoke qualities. The rate of desulphurization obtained as a result of the thermal treatment was 88% for most coke fines. A small overall reduction in the calorific value of the treated coke was also observed, but this was less than 8% in general.

Abstract: Excess molar volume and viscosities are one of the important fundamental data for the design and optimization of chemical process. In this study, excess molar volume and viscosities of 1,4 Dioxane with two hydrocarbons Bromobenzene and Ethyl benzene have been measured over the entire range of composition at (303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K. From experimentations excess volumes, V^E, and deviations in viscosities, Δη, are calculated. The calculated excess volumes, V^E and deviations in viscosities, Δη exhibited positive and negative values respectively over the whole range of composition in both binary systems. The Redlich-Kister Model was used to correlate excess volumes, V^E, and deviations in viscosities, Δη, to derive the binary coefficients and standard deviations of these systems. The fitted outcomes and the calculated data clearly indicated that weak interactions present in two mixtures. It is mainly because of number and position of methyl groups exist in these aromatic hydrocarbons. It can conclude that the experimental values are predicted well by the Redlich-Kister Model with high degree of precision.

Abstract: With the aim to address the issues related to the regeneration of activated carbon used for wastewater treatment, a novel and state of the art water treatment technology (Arvia) was introduced at the University of Manchester, UK. This technology employs the adsorption of dissolved toxic pollutants present in water onto the surface of graphitic adsorbents followed by their quick and cheap electrochemical regeneration in a simple electrochemical reactor. The main mechanism of regeneration is based on the anodic oxidation of adsorbed species at the adsorbent surface. The adsorbed species are thought to be completely mineralized. However, some of the adsorbed organic contaminants may lead to the generation of toxic intermediate breakdown species owing to incomplete mineralization and/or indirect oxidation of organics present in solution. The former phenomenon may also depend upon the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent to be used. In this paper, a range of graphitic adsorbents including graphite intercalation compound-bisulphate (GIC-bisulpahte), recycled vein graphite (RVG) and exfoliated graphite (EG) were selected so as to investigate the formation of breakdown products during their electrochemical regeneration. Relatively fewer quantities of breakdown products in terms of p-benzoquinone and 4-chlorophenol were observed for EG. However, higher concentrations of oxalic acid were found for EG in comparison to GIC-bisulphate and RVG leading to conclude that the electrochemical degradation of phenol at the surface of exfoliated graphite could be through the direct oxidation of phenol into carboxylic acids.

Abstract: New reaction scheme is suggested for the initiated nonbranched-chain addition of free radicals to the multiple bond of the molecular oxygen. The scheme includes the reaction competing with chain propagation reactions through a reactive free radical. The chain evolution stage in this scheme involves a few of free radicals, one of which (tetraoxyl) is relatively low-reactive and inhibits the chain process by shortening of the kinetic chain length. Based on the proposed scheme rate equations (containing one to three parameters to be determined directly) are deduced using quasi-steady-state treatment. The kinetic description with use the obtained rate equations is applied to the γ-induced nonbranched-chain processes of the free-radical oxidation of liquid o-xylene at 373 K and hydrogen dissolved in water containing different amounts of oxygen at 296 K. In these processes the oxygen with the increase of its concentration begins to act as an oxidation autoingibitor (or an antioxidant), and the rate of peroxide formation as a function of the dissolved oxygen concentration has a maximum. The heat effects are compared for the overall reactions of dissociation of simple alkylperoxyl (exothermic) and alkoxyl (endothermic) free radicals in the gas phase. Possible nonchain pathways of the free-radical oxidation of hydrogen and the routes of ozone decay from the energetic standpoint via the reaction with the hydroxyl free radical in the upper atmosphere (including the addition yielding the hydrotetraoxyl free radical, which can be an intermediate in the sequence of conversions of biologically hazardous UV radiation energy) were examined. The energetics of the key radical-molecule reactions is considered.