Abstract: Aim: To study the effects of local anesthesia on blood pressure in patients undergo extraction of maxillary teeth under infiltration local anesthesia and to compare the level of salivary chromogranin A before and after administration of local anesthesia and its possible correlation with hemodynamic effects of local anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 26 patients (18 female, 8 male) who need tooth extraction under infiltration local anesthesia were examined in two situations (pre and post local anesthetic administration). For each patient salivary sample was collected by salivette to estimate the level of chromogranin A using ELISA Kits. For all patients, the blood pressure and pulse rate were measured before and after administration of local anesthesia using automatic blood pressure recorder. Results: the results showed significant differences between salivary chromogranin A for patients before the administration of local anesthesia (580.33 ± 130.42) ng/ml and after the administration of local anesthesia (674.51+ 130.93) ng/ml with p < 0.05. The results also showed that the mean value of blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) lowered after administration of local anesthesia but with no significant differences (p > 0.05) with pre –local anesthetic value. The pulse rate was increase in it is value after local anesthetic administration with a significant differences (p < 0.05) than pre – anesthetic value. Conclusions: tooth extraction and administration of infiltration local anesthesia caused hypotension with no significant effect (p > 0.05) while it caused increase in pulse rate with a significant effect (p < 0.05). Administration of infiltration local anesthesia caused significant effects on salivary chromogranin A levels, also this study showed that there was significant inverse correlation between systolic blood pressure and chromogranin A levels(p < 0.05) after administration of infiltrations local anesthesia during dental treatments (tooth extraction).

Abstract: The practice of self medication is continuously increasing worldwide due to its important roles in curing minor conditions or symptoms. This study was conducted to evaluate the factors associated with self medication practice of Iraqi respondents residing in Baghdad City. This study was designed as cross sectional study in which data was collected via direct interviews with respondents using a previously prepared questionnaire. This study investigated 348 respondents from different age groups. The majority of respondents were male aged between 30-60 years, married with secondary or academic level of education and employed with accepted monthly income. The main reason for practicing self medication was previous experience with the same condition followed by considering the current condition simple with no need to consult a physician. A previous prescription was revealed to be the commonest source of information about the self medicated drugs followed by community pharmacies and family members or friends. Flu or common cold was the commonest indication identified for self medication followed by headache, back or muscle pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea and others. Drugs used in treating these conditions were antibiotics, the commonest, followed by paracetamol, antihistamines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cough preparations, antispasmodics, skeletal muscle relaxants, antacids, antidiarrheals and others.

Abstract: D-3-O-methylchiroinositol isolated from the stem bark of Piliostigma thonningii was evaluated for membrane stabilizing potentials in red blood cells of alloxan-induced diabetic albino Swiss mice. Blood from diabetic animals treated with different doses of the compound (8, 4, 2 mg/kg) and Glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) were measured for membrane stability at different saline concentrations. The MCF values and their corresponding percentage stabilization were increased in the treatment groups compared to the negative control. The result suggests that D-3-O-methylchiroinositol possesses membrane stabilizing potentials.

Abstract: The objective was to investigate the antiurolithiatic activity of aqueous plant extract of Melia azadirachta using the zinc disc implantation model in male Wistar albino rats. A significant increase in urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, magnesium and phosphate was observed after four weeks of implantation of zinc discs. After treatment with aqueous extract of Melia azadirachta caused a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in stone weight and urinary excretion of electrolytes in both the preventive and curative group of animals as compared to those of control groups. This explains the effect of the aqueous extract of Melia azadirachta in preventing urolithiasis (59%) and dissolving the pre-formed magnesium ammonium phosphate type of stones (46%). The possible mechanism could be due to the urinary stone-formation, lowering, antioxidant, diuretic, nephroprotective constituents present in Melia azadirachta. These results suggest the usefulness of aqueous plant extract of Melia azadirachta as an antiurolithiatic agent.

Abstract: This study concentrates on dissolution of drug in presence of fruit juice specifically mango juice. This work aspires current research to study the dissolution approach pattern of commercial formulation of metronidazole in Bangladesh commercially available eight brands of metronidazole film coated tablets were studied in gastric medium (pH 1.2). All brands got reasonably higher dissolution release mainly M02 (84.79%), M05 (75.86%), M06 (72.53%) and M07 (86.48%) were released relatively faster than other sample in 15 to 50 minutes. Therefore, Mango juice assists to enhance the therapeutic response of metronidazole on set of quick response.