Comparison of Cannabis Flower Oil Extract from Microwave, Ultrasound, and Combined Processes: Yield, Cannabinoids Content, and Analgesic Effect in Situ

Alfonso Topete-Betancourt¹, Luis E. Sámano Muñoz¹, Héctor E. Martínez-Flores^1, , Osvaldo Álvarez-Cortés², Jose J. Virgen Ortiz³, M.G. Garnica-Romo⁴, Luis F. Ortega-Varela⁵ and Rosa M. García-Martínez¹

¹Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Tzintzuntzan 173, Col. Matamoros. C.P. 58240. Morelia, Michoacán, México,

²Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Avenida Francisco J. Múgica. S/N. Ciudad Universitaria. C.P. 58030. Morelia, Mich., México.

³CONAHCYT - Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. – CIDAM, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro km. 8. C.P. 58341. Morelia, Michoacán, México.

⁴Facultad de Ingeniería Civil. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Santiago Tapia 403. Col. Centro. C.P. 58000. Morelia, Mich., México.

⁵Facultad de Salud Pública y Enfermería. Gertrudis Bocanegra 330, Cuauhtémoc. C.P. 58000. Morelia, Mich., México.

Cite this paper:
Alfonso Topete-Betancourt, Luis E. Sámano Muñoz, Héctor E. Martínez-Flores, Osvaldo Álvarez-Cortés, Jose J. Virgen Ortiz, M.G. Garnica-Romo, Luis F. Ortega-Varela and Rosa M. García-Martínez. Comparison of Cannabis Flower Oil Extract from Microwave, Ultrasound, and Combined Processes: Yield, Cannabinoids Content, and Analgesic Effect in Situ. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2023; 11(9):594-601. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-11-9-6

Abstract

Cannabis Sativa L. has been studied due to the psychoactive ingredients it contains. Demand for Cannabis oil has shown consistent growth since outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore more studies are required to improve or develop new extraction methods. The purpose of this research was to apply microwave combined with ultrasound technologies to enhance the oil extraction yield without compromising quality. Total phenolic and cannabinoid (THC, CBD) compounds content, yield, and analgesic properties were evaluated in the oil samples. The combination of processes showed higher oil yield (48.93%); however, the oil had lower values of THC content (32.14 mg/ml oil), lower analgesic quality, and low DPPH• (1.39 mg/ml) and ABTS•+ (23.37 mg/ml) scavenging activity, as well as low content of total phenol compounds (13.53 mg GAE/g oil) and high peroxide value (9.09 mEq O₂/Kg). The ultrasound process showed 40.36% yield, 1.02 mg/ml DPPH• value, and 2.30 mg/ml ABTS•+, 24.51 mg GAE/oil g total phenolic content, 7.93 meq/ peroxide value, and enhanced analgesic capacity, followed by the values obtained by microwave. The results suggest that ultrasound represents an alternative process to produce Cannabis oil of high quality. In addition, the Cannabis oil had elevated THC content, which could be related to anti-inflammatory capabilities.

Keywords:
Cannabis sativa L. oil cannabinoids ultrasound microwave

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