Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anti-pancreatic Cancer Activities of Cynaroside and n-butanol Fraction of Orostachys japonicus

Sung Hyun Kim¹ and Dong Seok Lee^{1, 2,}

¹Department of Smart Food and Drug, Graduate School, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea

²Institue of Digital Anti-aging Healthcare, Graduate School, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea;Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea

Cite this paper:
Sung Hyun Kim and Dong Seok Lee. Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anti-pancreatic Cancer Activities of Cynaroside and n-butanol Fraction of Orostachys japonicus. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2023; 11(6):404-418. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-11-6-2

Abstract

Cynaroside (luteolin-7-O-glucoside) is a flavone glycoside compound that has been reported to possess strong anti-oxidant activities. However, the integrative study for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of cynaroside alone or together with some flavonoids from medicinal herbs is rare. This study demonstrated anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pancreatic cancer activities of cynaroside and n-butanol fraction derived from Orostachys japonicus (OJB). HPLC analysis indicated that OJB contained three different types of flavonoid glycosides; the major component among them was cynaroside. The anti-oxidant activities of cynaroside and OJB were validated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays and confirmed through analyzing the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The anti-inflammatory effects of them were certified by observing the decrease of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, the anti-proliferative activities of them were confirmed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-5-[3-carboxymethoxyphenyl]-2-[4-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assays in PANC-1 cells. Apoptotic bodies induced by them were clearly proven by DAPI staining. The cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase provoked by OJB was affirmed using flow cytometry. The effective activation of caspase -9, -8, -3 and inhibition of CDK2 and CDK4 by OJB were verified analyzing the protein levels measured using western blot. Such results indicated that both cynaroside and OJB effectively exerted anti-cancer effects on PANC-1 cells. In conclusion, the OJB containing cynaroside as a major flavonoid compound has the potential to be utilized as effectual anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer agents in the future.

Keywords:
Orostachys japonicus cynaroside anti-oxidant anti-inflammatory anti-cancer

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