Olea Europaea Effects on Glyco-Metabolic Parameters and on Glycemic Status in Patients with Impaired Fasting Glucose

Giuseppe Derosa^{1, 2,} , Angela D’Angelo^{1, 3} and Pamela Maffioli¹

¹Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PAVIA, Italy

²Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, PAVIA, Italy;Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, PAVIA, Italy

³Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, PAVIA, Italy

Cite this paper:
Giuseppe Derosa, Angela D’Angelo and Pamela Maffioli. Olea Europaea Effects on Glyco-Metabolic Parameters and on Glycemic Status in Patients with Impaired Fasting Glucose. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2022; 10(10):674-680. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-10-10-5

Abstract

Aim: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a food supplement based on an infusion of olive leaves and marigold (Olife®) on glyco-metabolic parameters and glycemic status in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Material and methods: 148 patients were randomized to follow a standardized diet or a standardized diet plus Olife® for 3 months, in an open label, randomized, controlled study design. Olife® was self-administered, once a day, 70 ml/die (about half water glass), during breakfast in addition to diet. Results: in the group treated with Olife® plus diet there was a significant decrease of fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose after 3 months, both compared to baseline, and to diet group. There was a significant decrease of HOMA index in the group treated with Olife® plus diet, both compared to baseline and to diet. At baseline, all patients were affected by IFG. At the end of the study, 21 of 74 patients (28.3 %) returned to a condition of euglycemia according to OGTT in the Olife® plus diet vs 3 of 74 patients (4.1 %) in the diet group. The group treated with Olife® plus diet had an improvement of LDLox and Hs-CRP levels after 3 months, both compared to baseline, and to diet. Conclusions: the study showed the effects of a food supplement based on an infusion of olive leaves and marigold (Olife®) on glyco-metabolic parameters and glycemic status in patients with IFG.

Keywords:
olea europaea dysglycemia impaired fasting glucose lipid profile oxidatively modified LDL

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Suárez, M., Romero, M.P., Ramo, T., Macià, A., Motilva, M.J., “Methods for preparing phenolic extracts from olive cake for potential application as food antioxidants.” J Agric Food Chem, 57(4), 1463-1472, 2009.
[2]	Tuck, K.L., Hayball, P.J., “Major phenolic compounds in olive oil: Metabolism and health effects.” J Nutr Biochem, 13, 636-644, 2002.
[3]	Baldioli, M., Servili, M., Perretti, G., Montedoro, G., “Antioxidant activity of tocopherols and phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil.” J Am Oil Chem Soc, 73, 1589-1593, 1996.
[4]	Ellis, L.Z., Liu, W., Luo, Y., Okamoto, M., Qu, D., Dunn, J.H., Fujita, M., “Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses melanoma growth by inhibiting inflammasome and IL-1 secretion.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 414, 551-556, 2011.
[5]	John, C.M., Sandrasaigaran, P., Tong, C.K., Adam, A., Ramasamy, R., “Immunomodulatory activity of polyphenols derived from Cassia auriculata flowers in aged rats.” Cell Immunol 271, 474-479, 2011.
[6]	Soler-Rivas, C., Espín, J.C., Wichers, H.J., “Oleuropein and related compounds.” J Sci Food Agric, 80, 1013-1023, 2000.
[7]	Benavente-Garcia, O., Castillo, J., Lorente, J., Ortuno, A., del Rio, J., “Antioxidant activity of phenolics extracted from Olea europaea L. leaves.” Food Chem, 68, 457-462, 2000.
[8]	Hamdi, H.K., Tavis, J.H., Castellon, R., “Methods for Inhibiting Angiogenesis.”, Patent WO/2002/094193, 2002.
[9]	Masella, R., Varì, R., D'Archivio, M., di Benedetto, R., Matarrese, P., Malorni, W., Scazzocchio, B., Giovannini, C., “Extra virgin olive oil biophenols inhibit cell-mediated oxidation of LDL by increasing the mRNA transcription of glutathione-related enzymes.” J Nutr, 134, 785-791, 2004.
[10]	Cumaoglu, A., Ari, N., Kartal, M., Karasu, Ç., “Polyphenolic extracts from Olea europea L. protect against cytokine-induced-cell damage through maintenance of redox homeostasis.” Rejuv Res, 14, 325-334, 2011.
[11]	Proposed International Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. The Council for International Organisation of Medical Sciences. Geneva, 1982.
[12]	Summary of American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Revision 2006. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 26, 2186-2191, 2006.
[13]	European Diabetes Policy Group 1999. A desktop guide to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med, 16, 716-730, 1999.
[14]	Heding, L.G., “Determination of total serum insulin (IRI) in insulin-treated diabetic patients.” Diabetologia, 8, 260-266, 1972.
[15]	Matthews, D.R., Hosker, J.P., Rudenski, A.S., Naylor, B.A., Treacher, D.F., Turner, R.C., “Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man.” Diabetologia, 28, 412-419, 1985.
[16]	Wallace, T.M., Levy, J.C., Matthews, D.R., “Use and abuse of HOMA modeling.” Diabetes Care, 27, 1487-1495, 2004.
[17]	Klose, S., Borner, K., “Enzymatische Bestimmung des Gesamtcholesterins mit dem [Enzymatic dosage of total cholesterolemia by Greiner Selective Analyzer (GSA II)].” J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 15, 121-130, 1978.
[18]	Wahlefeld, A.W., “Triglycerides determination after enzymatic hydrolysis.” In: Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Ed. H. U. Bergmeyer, 2nd English ed. Academic Press, New York (USA) 1974; pp. 18-31.
[19]	Havel, R.J., Eder, H.A., Bragdon, J.H., “The distribution and chemical composition of ultracentrifugally separated lipoproteins in human serum.” J Clin Invest, 34, 1345-1353, 1955.
[20]	Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.I., Fredrickson, D.S., “Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge.” Clin Chem, 18: 499-502, 1972.
[21]	Holvoet, P., Vanhaecke, J., Janssens, S., Van de Werf, F., Collen, D., “Oxidized LDL and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in patients with acute coronary syndromes and stable coronary artery disease.” Circulation, 98, 1487-1494, 1998.
[22]	Rifai, N., Tracy, R.P., Ridker, P.M., “Clinical Efficacy of an Automated High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Assay.” Clin Chem, 45(12), 2136-2141, 1999.
[23]	American Diabetes Association 2022., “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes.” Diabetes Care, 45(Suppl 1), S1-S259, 2022.
[24]	Winer, B.J., “Statistical Principles in Experimental Design.” 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (USA) 1971.
[25]	Zheng, S., Huang, K., Tong, T., “Efficacy and Mechanisms of Oleuropein in Mitigating Diabetes and Diabetes Complications.” J Agric Food Chem, 69(22), 6145-6155, 2021.
[26]	Vazquez-Roncero, A., Maestro-Duran, R., Graciani-Constante, E., “Phenolic compounds in olive fruits. II: Polyphenols in vegetation water.” Grasas Aceites, 25, 341-345, 1974.
[27]	Servili, M., Baldioli, M., Selvaggini, R., Miniati, E., Macchioni, A., Montedoro, G., “High-performance liquid chromatography evaluation of phenols in olive fruit, virgin olive oil, vegetation waters, and pomace and 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance characterization.” J Am Oil Chem Soc, 76, 873-882, 1999.
[28]	Mulinacci, N., Romani, A., Galardi, C., Pinelli, P., Giaccherini, C., Vincieri, F.F., “Polyphenolic content in olive oil waste waters and related olive samples.” J Agric Food Chem, 49, 3509-3514, 2001.
[29]	Arts, I.C., Sesink A.L., Hollman P.C., “Quercetin-3-glucoside is transported by the glucose carrier SGLT1 across the brush border membrane of rat small intestine.” J Nutr, 132(9), 2823, 2002.
[30]	Carnevale, R., Silvestri, R., Loffredo, L., Novo, M., Cammisotto, V., Castellani, V., Bartimoccia, S., Nocella, C., Violi, F., “Oleuropein, a component of extra virgin olive oil, lowers postprandial glycaemia in healthy subjects.” Br J Clin Pharmacol 84(7), 1566-1574, 2018.
[31]	Qabaha, K., Al-Rimawi, F., Qasem, A., Naser, S.A., “Oleuropein is responsible for the major anti-inflammatory effects of olive leaf extract.” J Med Food, 21(3), 302-305, 2018.