Regulation of CD36 Gene Expression by Hibiscus Sabdariffa Tea Extracts to Affect the Atherosclerosis Biomarkers in Saudi Women

Asmaa Talal Al-Malki^1, , Heba Abbas Ahmed Sindi² and Mohammed Hussain Al-Qahtani³

¹Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Designs, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

³Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (Cegmr) King Abdulaziz University (Kau), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Cite this paper:
Asmaa Talal Al-Malki, Heba Abbas Ahmed Sindi and Mohammed Hussain Al-Qahtani. Regulation of CD36 Gene Expression by Hibiscus Sabdariffa Tea Extracts to Affect the Atherosclerosis Biomarkers in Saudi Women. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2021; 9(1):45-49. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-9-1-7

Abstract

Scope: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) share a major part of the total deaths (about 46%) in Saudi Arabia. There are indications of an association between the bioactive components in Hibiscus sabdariffa, in affecting the atherosclerosis biomarkers, the major cause of (CVDs). An intervention study aimed to see the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa tea extracts on regulating CD36 gene expression in human to prevent atherosclerosis. Methods and results: The blood sample were twice collected. In addition, anthropometric measurements were determined at baseline, and a usual diet was followed while consuming the H. sabdariffa tea twice a day for six consecutive weeks. Following termination of exposure period blood samples were withdrawn. The results revealed that the OxLDL levels were significantly decreased (P=0.013, P< 0.05). Another result of special interest was that the CD36 gene expression significantly experienced, a down regulation in the gene level was detected (P= 0.003, P<0.05), whereas the CD36 protein levels significantly registered an increase (P=0.05, P≤ 0.05). There was an obvious positive correlation between the CD36 gene expression and the OxLDL. Conclusion: In conclusion, a possible effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa tea extracts has potential in affecting the atherosclerosis biomarkers evidently rejected by regulating the CD36 gene expression. Further evaluation is suggested to examine the effect of pure anthocyanins glucoside.

Keywords:
CD36 gene expression anthocyanin atherosclerosis bioactive components antioxidants

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Alwan, A., Armstrong, T., Bettcher, D., Boerma, T., Branca, F., Ho, J. C.Y., Mathers, C., Martinez, R., Poznyak, V., Roglic, G., Riley, L., d`Espaignet, E., Stevens, G., Taubert, K. and Xuereb, G. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control, by the World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization, 2011.
[2]	Roth, G. A., Forouzanfar, M. H., Moran, A. E., Barber, R. Nguyen, G., Feigin, V., Naghavi, M., Mensah, G. A. and Murray, C. J.L. Demographic and Epidemiologic Drivers of Global Cardiovascular Mortality. The New England Journal of Medicine, 372(14): 1333-1341. 2015.
[3]	Riley, L. and Cowan, M. Noncommunicable diseases (NCD). Country Profiles. Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2014. https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-profiles-2014/en/
[4]	Khoo, H.E., Azlan, A., Ismail, A., Abas, F. and Hamid, M. Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation by Anthocyanins from Defatted Canarium odontophyllum Pericarp and Peel Using In Vitro Bioassays. PLoS ONE, 9; 9(1): e81447. 2014.
[5]	Kao, E. S., Tseng, T. H., Lee, H. J., Chan, K. Ch. And Wang, Ch. J. Anthocyanin extracted from Hibiscus attenuate oxidized LDL-mediated foam cell formation involving regulation of CD36 gene. Chemico Biological Interaction, 179(2-3): 212-8. 2009.
[6]	Wallace, T.C. Anthocyanin in cardiovascular disease. Advances in Nutrition, 2(1): 1-7. 2011.
[7]	Mozaffari-Khosravi, H., Jalali-Khanabadi, B.A., Afkhami-Ardekani, M., Fatehi, F. and Noori -Shadkam, S. M. The effects of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on hypertension in patients with type II diabetes, Journal of Human Hypertens, 23(1): 48-54. 2009.
[8]	Hadi, H.A.R., Carr, C.S. and Al Suwaidi, J., Endothelial Dysfunction: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Therapy and Outcome. Vasc Health Risk Manag., 1(3): 183-198. 2005.
[9]	Collot-Teixeira, S., Martin, J., McDermott-Roe, Ch., Poston, R. and McGregor, J. L. CD36 and macrophages in atherosclerosis, Cardiovasc Res, 1; 75(3): 468-77. 2007.
[10]	Silverstein, R. L., Li, W. and Park, Y. M. Mechanisms of cell signaling by the scavenger receptor CD36: implications in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 121, 206-20. 2010.
[11]	Yi, L., Chen, Ch-y., Jin, X., Mi, M-t., Yu, B., Chang, H., Ling, W-h. and Zhang, T. Structural requirements of anthocyanins in relation to inhibition of endothelial injury induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein and correlation with radical scavenging activity. FEBS Lett, 3(5):583-590.2010.
[12]	Hopkins, A.L., Lamm, M.G., Funk, J.L. and Ritenbaugh, C. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies. Fitoterapia, 85:84-94.2013.
[13]	Khoury, G. A., Baliban, R. C., and Floudas, C. A., Proteome-wide post-translational modification statistics: frequency analysis and curation of the swiss-prot database.2011 accessed at January 23, 2017 from: Nature research Journal http://www.nature.com/articles/srep00090.
[14]	Mauray, A., Felgines, C., Morand, C., Mazur, A., Scalbert, A., Milenkovic, Bilberry anthocyanin-rich extract alters expression of genes related to atherosclerosis development in aorta of apo E-deficient mice. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis., 22(1):72-80.2012.
[15]	Mauray, A., Felgines, C., Morand, C., Mazur, A., Scalbert, A. and Milenkovic, D. Nutrigenomic analysis of the protective effects of bilberry anthocyanin-rich extract in apo E-deficient mice. Genes Nutr, 5(4): 343-353.2010.
[16]	Garcı ́a-Conesa, M.T., Tribolo, S., Guyot, S., Toma ́s-Barbera ́n, F.A., Kroon, P.A. Oligomeric procyanidins inhibit cell migration and modulate the expression of migration and proliferation asso-ciated genes in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 53(2):266-76.2009.