Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Walnut Shells and Characterization of Their Antioxidant Activities

Shusheng Wang^{1, 2}, Wenyi Fu², Hannah Han³, Milan Rakita⁴, Qingyou Han⁴ and Qin Xu^2,

¹College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China

²Department of Food Science, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, USA

³Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, USA

⁴School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, USA

Cite this paper:
Shusheng Wang, Wenyi Fu, Hannah Han, Milan Rakita, Qingyou Han and Qin Xu. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Walnut Shells and Characterization of Their Antioxidant Activities. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2020; 8(1):50-57. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-8-1-7

Abstract

Million tons of walnut shells, the waste by-product from walnut industries, are produced annually worldwide and are under-utilized in kernel manufacturing. Walnut shells are rich in phenolic compounds thus are valuable sources for antioxidants. In this study, the optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from walnut shells was performed with response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum yield of total phenolic compounds from walnut shells was 92.96±1.47 mg GAE/g DW under the optimum extracting conditions of 10 min at 0°C with 43.71% ethanol and 53.93% ultrasound amplitude. Analysis of antioxidant activities of the extracts found that the radical scavenging capacity of DPPH from the walnut shell extracts (10 - 500 μg/mL) was 4.05 – 88.59%, while the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (10 - 100 μg/mL) was 119.64-1278.95 μM Trolox equivalent (TE). The results indicate that phenolic extracts from walnut shells are a good natural source of antioxidants, making this process a strong contender for future applications in the food and agricultural industries.

Keywords:
walnut shell ultrasound-assisted extraction phenolic compounds antioxidant DPPH

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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