Abstract: Four phytoecdysteroids: (20-hydroxyecdysone-20, 22-monacetonide (1), 20-hydroxyecdysone (2), stigmasterol (3), gamma-sitosterol (4), were investigated for toxic effect against 3^rd /4^th instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae under laboratory conditions as individual compounds and in blends. The test larvae were treated with solutions containing the phytoecdysteroids of concentrations 1, 5 and 10ppm. The blends were prepared in the ratio of 1:1. Compounds 1 and 2, isolated from acetone extracts of Vitex payos caused 100% mortality at 10ppm. Compound 3 isolated from acetone leaves of V. schiliebenii and compound 4 isolated from acetone stem bark of V. schilebenii also showed potent activity against the larvae at 10ppm. At the lower concentrations, abnormal mobility and impaired development was observed. Phytoecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone-20, 22-monacetonide (1) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (2) are larvicidal against An. gambiae. stigmasterol (3), gamma-sitosterol (4) also show potent IGR activities against An. gambiae. Also addition of compounds 1 and 2 to stigmasterol (3) and gamma-sitosterol (4) seperately improved the activity of the two compounds.

Abstract: A simple highly versatile and efficient synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles is achieved by three component cyclocondensation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydes and ammonium acetate as ammonia source in thermal solvent free condition using Brønsted acidic ionic liquid diethyl ammonium hydrogen phosphate as catalyst. The key advantages of this process are cost effectiveness of catalyst, reusability of catalyst, easy work-up and purification of products by non-chromatographic methods, excellent yields and very short time reactions. Multicomponent reactions enjoy an outstanding status in organic and medicinal chemistry for their high degree of atom economy and application in the diversity-oriented convergent synthesis of complex organic molecules from simple and readily available substrates in a single vessel.

Abstract: Dimethyl sulphoxide reagent brings about N-methyl thiomethylation and N-hydroxy methylation in phthalimide at elevated temperature. It also converts 5,5-disubstituted barbituric acid to its N-methyl thiomethyl and N,N^/-methyl thiomethyl derivatives at reflux temperature. A convenient and efficient procedure for the synthesis of poly(methylene-bis)-1,3-indandione derivative (2) was developed by one-pot reaction of 1,3-indandione (1) when refluxed with DMSO at 180°C . This provides an alternate method of mechanistic interest for the synthesis of tetrad (2) with excellent yield. The condensation product (2) can act as a basic unit for the synthesis of a polymer.

Abstract: There has been considerable interest in various analogues of antitubercular drugs particularly against multidrug and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis because mycobacterium species has developed resistant against available drugs. The currently used antitubercular also causes some serious toxic effects and also require long period of therapy for the treatment. Therefore, various new drugs and analogues of currently used antitubercular drugs were prepared with minimum side effects or effective against multidrug and extensively drug resistant strains of tuberculosis. In present review we discussed about brief introduction of tuberculosis followed the rifampicin and their analogues which are effective against tuberculosis.

Abstract: Despite the small difference in the steric hindrance of the substitutes of the asymmetric carbon of the lactic acid, a way for the desymmetrization of the racemic mixture was discovered. Two possibilities have arisen: the synthesis and further separation of diastereoisomers with the (S)-2-methyl-1-butanol as chiral auxiliary and the kinetic discrimination during the esterification with the (R)-(-)-Myrtenol.

Abstract: The review summarizes literature dealing with the synthesis of thiazolidinoneand β-lactamVarious methods for synthesis of thiazolidinone and β-lactamare discussed. Like boiling benzene thioglycolic acid was added to (1)a-d using a water separator to give thiazolidinone derivatives (2)a-d. Also Reaction of the Schiff bases of 3 and /or5 with one mole of thioglycolic acid was proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding thiazolidinone derivatives 6,7 respectively. The synthesis of a new type of compound, 2-hydrazolyl-5,5-diphenyl-4-thiazolidinone (24), obtained by treatment of thiosemicarbazone with benzyl in basic media. β-lactams were prepared by N-Tosyl-3-halo-3-butenylamines underwent efficient Ullmann-type coupling to afford 2-alkylideneazetidines, which could be readily converted to the corresponding β-lactams by oxidation with O₃ to give β-lactams 119. A chiral N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed the Staudinger reaction of arylalkylketenes with a variety of N-tert-butoxycarbonylarylimines to give the corresponding cis-β-lactams 124.

Abstract: The titled compounds were prepared by interaction of ethyl 2-(benzo[d]thazol-2-yl)acetate (3) with different arylidinemalononitrile derivatives (4a-c) in EtOH/TEA solution at room temperature. When 3 was treated with 2-(ethoxymethylene)-malononitrile (4f) under same reaction conditions, the ethyl iminothiazolopyridine-4-carboxylate (6) was obtained. Ethyl (amino(methoxy)methyl)-3-(substitutedphenyl)-1-oxo-1H-benzo[4,5]thiazole[3,2-a]pyridine-4-carboxylate (8a,b) was obtained from reaction of 3 with different cyanoacrylate derivatives (7a,b) in MeOH/TEA at room temperature, while the diethyl thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-4-carboxylate derivative (8c) was obtained under same reaction conditions. The amino-imino derivative (10) was also prepared and used to synthesis new pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4]triaziolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-5-carboxylate derivatives (12). The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed based on their elemental analysis and spectroscopic data.

Abstract: Condensation of 2-acetyl-5-bromobenzofuran with hydrazine derivatives 2a,b afforded hydrazone derivatives 3a,b, which reacted with alkyl halides4a,b to yield ethylidene derivatives 5a,b. Also, 3a reacted with hydrazonyl halides6a,b to give 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives 9a,b. Thiosemicarbazone3b was reacted with acetic anhydride and halogenated compounds to afford the corresponding heterocyclic derivatives 10, 11a,b, 12-17 and 18a,b.Moreover, interaction of 16 with tetracyanoethylene and salicyldehyde derivatives furnished 24 and 26a,b, respectively. Finally, reaction of 16 with DMF-DMA afforded enaminone29, which on treatment with different heterocyclic amines yielded 31 and 33 respectively. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed promising antimicrobial activity.