Abstract: Stability of process of welding of copper with copper and copper with steel is provided with a special thermal cycle which includes preliminary heating before welding. Difficulties welding copper and steel are connected with its physical and chemical properties, high affinity of copper to oxygen, the low temperature of melting of copper, considerable absorption by liquid copper of gases, various sizes of coefficients of heat conductivity, linear expansion etc. In view of high heat conductivity of copper the most part of heat entered at welding is removed from heat input zone that leads to necessity of supply to a place of welding considerably a more heat, than at welding other metals. More rational is the local heating. Using impulse heating of welded details at welding copper and steel instead of gas flame lowers carbonization of details’ surfaces. Uniformity of welded details microstructure is provided. Welding defects caused by non-uniform heating are eliminated.

Abstract: An experimental study was conducted for measuring the quality of surface finishing roughness using magnetic abrasive finishing technique (MAF) on brass plate which is very difficult to be polish by a conventional machining process where the cost is high and much more susceptible to surface damage as compared to other materials. Four operation parameters were studied, the gap between the work piece and the electromagnetic inductor, the current that generate the flux, the rotational Spindale speed and amount of abrasive powder size considering constant linear feed movement between machine head and workpiece. Adaptive Neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was implemented for evaluation of a series of experiments and a verification with respect to specimen roughness change has been optimized and usefully achieved by obtained results were an average of the error between the surface roughness predicted by model simulation and that of direct measure is 2.0222 %.

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Abstract: Galvanizing plant waste (zinc dross) containing 27.66% zinc was leached in HCl solutions. Zinc in solution was precipitated as Zn(OH)₂ by adding ammonium hydroxide. The product was characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that when heated at 500^oC, the product possesses hexagonal zincite structure. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the shape of zinc oxide particles was spherical and compares well with the standard product. A maximum of 93.7% zinc contained in the dross could be extracted and converted to zinc oxide having a purity of 98.8%.

Abstract: This paper comparatively studied the effects of time of heatsetting and wet processes on shearing rigidity (G_{1 .}G₂ ) gf/cm. degree, shear hysteresis at 5%, shear angle (2HG₁, 2HG₂) and shear angle at 5% (2HG5₁ and 2HG5₂) of knitted Ingeo™ Poly (lactic) acid and Polyethyleneterepthalate fabrics in warp [G₁] and weft [G₂] directions using the KES-FS system of fabric evaluation. PLA samples of dimension 200 mm x 200 mm were subjected to heatsetting at temperatures of 130°C respectively and increasing times of 15 s, 30 s, 45 s, 60 s, 90 s, 120 s and 240 s using the Werner Mathis infra-red heatsetting equipment and subsequently treated to wet processes including scouring, alkaline reduction clearing, dyeing and softening. The KES Shear tester was used in determining the ease with which knitted PLA and PET fibers slided against each other to ascertain properties such as softness, pliability to stiffness/rigidity and inter yarn stability to mechanical distortion. They samples were measured to a maximum shear angle of ± 8°. Results showed that after subjecting the samples to various wet processes, PET exhibited higher shear rigidity G in both warp (G₁) and weft (G₂) directions with increasing times of heatsetting. Measurements of shear hysteresis at 0.5° shear angle (2HG) and 5° angle (2HG5) in gf/cm showed PLA exhibiting a higher shear hysteresis than PET with increasing times of heatsetting.