Abstract: Lot of research has gone into understanding the composition and nature of proteins, still many things remain to be understood satisfactorily. It is now generally believed that amino acid sequences of proteins are not random, and thus the patterns of amino acids that we observe in the protein sequences are also non-random. In this study, we have attempted to decipher the nature of associations between different amino acids that are present in a HIV protein. This very basic analysis provides insights into the co-occurrence of certain amino acids in a HIV protein. Such association rules are desirable for enhancing our understanding of protein composition and hold the potential to give clues regarding the global interactions amongst some particular sets of amino acids occurring in proteins. The aim of association rules mining is to reveal underlying interactions in large sets of data items. Knowledge of these rules or constraints is highly desirable for the in-vitro synthesis of artificial proteins. This will also give new insights to understand protein-protein interactions in HIV.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a prototype generator with electro-acoustical connection, verify the parameters of the new apparatus, perform clinical trials in patients with normal hearing. A digital oscilloscope and artificial ear were used to check electrical and sound parameters. Sound intensity in the 0.5-20 kHz frequency range was 86.8 ± 9 dB SPL. This was followed by clinical trials involving 44 volunteers (17 men and 27 women) with an average age of 20. Before the experiment, each volunteer was examined by audiological tests to rule out damage to the auditory pathway. The upper frequency limit of hearing procedure consisted of binaural administration of constant-intensity signal with a frequency smoothly varying within the 20 kHz - 0.5 kHz range. The volunteer was told to release a signaling button when he heard the acoustic signal. At that moment, the generator stopped at a given frequency that was displayed on a digital scale unit. The test procedure was repeated three times in each subject and the arithmetic mean of three measurements was used in further analysis. The entire procedure, both technical and clinical, was conducted in an audiometric silent chamber, in which it was possible to control the acoustic conditions. Comparison of results of a prototype apparatus to the results obtained in previously research showed that the developed apparatus specifications meet their objectives. In clinical studies, the upper frequency limit of hearing results were as follows: in the group of 17 people only one person was below 75 percentile, two were at 75 percentile, ten at 50 percentile, and four were at 25 percentile. The results show that the modification of the apparatus involving the use of less expensive components has allowed to obtain the technical parameters and results comparable to the others authors and, therefore, the apparatus built by the author of this paper may be used as a screening apparatus.

Abstract: Falling is the crucial concern in elder adults which can result into serious injury or rupture of bones especially hip bone injury or other joint fractures. Hence fall detection is necessary to minimize risk of injury. Accelerometer is the most widely used device to detect falls as it provides information about the sudden downward tilt. Tri-axial accelerometer provides measure of acceleration in three dimensions. Paper describes the review on fall detectors in which tri-axial accelerometer is used as the main component along with different sensors and systems.

Abstract: Cancers are the most serious problems of the medicine. Adequate treatment of early diagnosed patient gives the patient possibility of healing, to improve the quality of life and to return to normal life. Most of the tumors are characterized by the presence of one or several more or less specific markers. By processing the presence of multiple markers - although with a lower sensitivity and specificity - we get an overall picture of the body organs. The aim of this project is to monitor, evaluate and process results of magnetic resonance imaging. The results are provided to doctors in the form of graphs, 2D and 3D models and tables. This application also brings the possibility of processing error values of the measurements of markers.

Abstract: Musculoskeletal damage is a major health-related problem in working groups as well as in growing age population throughout the world. Due to the inefficiency of the current surgical treatment, Regenerative Medicine has recently grasped the attention of scientists. Tissue-engineering and cell-based therapies, two prominent branches of Regenerative Medicine, are considered as the most suitable techniques to repair the tissue damage. However, a huge number of autologous cells are required to address these practices. Since only small numbers of cells are obtainable from the patient, it requires expansion of cells in vitro. Nevertheless, these primary cells grow slowly in vitro and lose their general characteristics during prolonged culturing period. It has been shown through this thesis that several exogenous factors, which can be classified as physical, chemical, biological and culture-environmental, can modulate the culture parameters effectively. These can, therefore, support in promoting higher proliferation rate and also in maintaining the desired characteristics after the culturing period.

Abstract: Every day, we’re swimming in a sea of electromagnetic radiation produced by electrical appliances, power lines, wiring in buildings, and a group of other technologies that are part of modern life. Cell phones have become a vital part of our lives, and its use is not only restricted to voice conversations but also conveying news, high resolution pictures and internet. During recent years there has been increasing public concern on potential health risks from extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and radiofrequency/microwave radiation emissions. It is fairly well established that at sufficiently high power levels, radiofrequency and microwave energy can produce deleterious biological effects. Some investigations suggested that these fields may have genotoxic effects and may increase the risk of several cancers and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this review was to evaluate the influence of mobile telephone radiation on biological systems and health. It is concluded that these fields can influence several biological functions of cells and tissues, modulating intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and the cell cycle progression.

Abstract: Arsenic is most abundant element on the Earth and found in groundwater in both + (III) and + (V) oxidation states. If taken in sufficient quantities, arsenic can pose a threat to human health. In the rural area without awareness or high treatment cost it can consumed directly by local people. To reduce the effect on arsenic on drinking water medicated natural occurring plant seed is used for removal of toxic substance. In this study Moringa oleifera is used as coagulant material to reduce the toxicity of drinking water. Moringa oleifera is that seed which proved and optimized this problem in rural area. It can be reduced 91% of arsenic and 93% of hardness from drinking water.

Abstract: Cerebrovascular abnormalities are extremely complex, due to the multitude of factors acting simultaneously on cerebral hemodynamics. Cerebral Arterio Venous Malformation (CAVM) hemodynamic in one of the vascular abnormality condition results changes in the flow and pressure level in blood vessels. This can cause rupture or decreased blood supply to the tissue through capillary causing infarct. Measuring flow and pressure without intervention along the vessel is big challenge due to occlusion, bending and thinning of the vessel in Arteriovenous Malformation patients. In this paper, we proposed a lumped model for the Vessels Deformation in CAVM Structures that will help clinicians to find the pressure and velocity measurements non-invasively.

Abstract: Modern close loop control for blood glucose level in a diabetic patient necessarily uses an explicit model of the process. A fixed parameter full order or reduced order model does not characterize the inter-patient and intra-patient parameter variability. This paper deals with an online frequency domain kernel estimation method for modeling a nonlinear dynamic system of multivariable glucose-insulin process in a type-1 diabetic patient that captures the process dynamics in presence of uncertainties and parameter variations. The present work proposes a frequency domain kernel estimation of a Volterra model using the harmonic excitation input by taking FFT on the input data sequence from the glucose-insulin process of the patient. Volterra equations up to second order kernels with extended input vector for Volterra model are solved online by adaptive recursive least square (ARLS) algorithm. Twice the length of the extended input vector for the glucose-insulin process is considered for finding the frequency domain kernels that can be directly used as the Volterra transfer function and are useful for closed loop internal model control. The input-output data taken from the 19th order first principle model of the patient in intravenous route, have been used to identify the system with a short filter memory length of M=2 and the validation results have shown good fit both in frequency and time domain responses with nominal patient as well as with intrapatient parameter variations.

Abstract: In the general scientific quest for increased quality of life a natural ambition is to know more about human body kinematics. Varied knowledge can be extracted from sensors placed on human body and through associated biomechanical parameter evaluation the causal connection between different biomechanical parameters and medical conditions can be inferred. From a biomechanical point of view, one of the most important parameters within the human body is the amplitude of angular movements of joints. Although many angular sensors are used in industry, particular characteristics such as small size, flexibility and appropriate attachment methods must be taken into consideration when estimating the amplitude of movement of human joints. This paper reviews the existing low cost easy to manipulate angular sensors listed in the scientific literature, which currently are or could be used in rehabilitation engineering, physiotherapy or biomechanical evaluations in sport. The review is carried out in terms of a classification based on the sensors’ working principles and includes resistive, capacitive, magnetic and piezoresistive sensors.