Abstract: In this paper, we use a narrow collimated beam of mono- energetic gamma rays emitted from the radioactive source ¹³⁷Cs (662 keV) and the system of measuring gamma rays UCS-20 associated with the sodium iodide detector NaI (Tl) to determine the homogeneity of the building materials, Granite, Marble, Cement, Ceramic and Bricks. The homogeneity test was determined from the percentage difference between the transmitted intensity of gamma-rays and the linear attenuation coefficient at different positions for each sample of the material then the percentage of standard deviation was checked.

Abstract: Every black hole will have a singularity at its center. The mass ‘M’ and Horizon radius ‘R’ are inter related by an equation M³ = 2.914× 10³⁸ R. As long as it remains as a stable black hole the mass ‘M’ & Horizon Radius ‘R’ will remain constant with M = 6.58×10⁵ Kgs and R = 9.767×10^-22 mts. This is the hole connecting all the singularities of the universe. These are always constant for all black holes of the universe. Heavy black holes will lose mass through this hole and will be pumped to other locations of universe to keep the density of the matter created in steady state with the expansion of the universe. The mass loss calculated is 4.953083423× 10⁵ Kg/sec. The mass loss is almost same as that of life time of black hole in Hawking Radiation. Thus the mass loss of black hole is not through hawking radiation it is through the singularity point of black hole.

Abstract: Friedmann -Robertson- Walker (FRW) background used to study the oscillations of neutrino in four-dimension space. The Cauchy-Lorentz and Gaussian distribution in the base of this background used to obtain the probability of the neutrino oscillations. Finally, we pay attention to the case of associated incoherence damping coefficient of oscillation between flavors.

Abstract: The effect of space charge rotation has been studied in Vlasov-Poisson potential function with KV distribution in quadrupole. Effective potential varies due to rotation and the related parameter has been obtained based on focusing and defocusing of beam particles. The changed beam plasma frequencies have been calculated in the frame of laboratory coordinates. Also the new Hamiltonian of the system has been derived and finally the equipotential lines, electric and magnetic fields have been obtained. The magnetic field remains without any changing, but the electric field and equipotential lines changed in static qudrupole. The result of rotational space charge in static quadrupole is comparable with rotation of quadrupole system.

Abstract: I. Analytical structure of the non-relativistic unitary and non-unitary S-matrix is reviewed for the cases of any interactions with any motion equations inside a sphere of radius a, enclosed by centrifugal and rapidly decreasing (exponentially or by the Yukawian law or by the more rapidly decreasing) potentials. Some kinds of the symmetry conditions are imposed. The Schroedinger equation for the particle motion in the external region where r > a and the completeness of the correspondent wave functions are assumed. The connection of the obtained results with the causality is examined. Partially some analytical properties for the multi-channel S-matrix are reviewed and the sum rules for mean compound-nucleus time delays and the density of compound-nucleus levels. Sometimes (as physical manifestations of the profound general methodic and in very good consistent accordance with the experiment) observable physical effects, such as parity violation enhancement and time resonances or explosions, are appeared. Finally a scientific program of future search is presented as a clear continuation and extension of the obtained results. II. It is already known the appearance of time advance (due to distortion by the non-resonant background) instead of the expected time delay in the region of a compound-nucleus resonance in the center-of-mass (C-) system. Here at the same conditions we study cross sections and durations of the neutron-nucleus scattering in the laboratory (L-) system. Here it is shown that such time advance is a virtual paradox but in the L-system the time-advance phenomenon does not occur and only the trivial time delay is observed. At the same time the transformations from C-system into the L-system appeared to be different from the standard kinematical transformations because in the C-system the motion of a compound nucleus is absent but it is present in the L-system. We analyze the initial wave-packet motion (after the collision origin) and the cross section in the laboratory (L-) system. Also here (as physical revelations of profound general methodic and in very good consistent accordance with the experiment) several results of the calculated cross sections for the neutron-nucleus in comparison with the experimental data in the L-system at the range of one or two overlapped compound resonances are presented. It is shown in the space-time approach that the standard kinematical transformations of cross sections from the C-system to the L-system are not valid because it is necessary to consider the center-of-mass motion in the L-system. Finally on a correct self-consistent base of the space-time description of the nuclear processes in the laboratory system with 3 particles in the final channel, it is shown the validity of the former approach, obtained for the space-time description of the nuclear processes with 2-particle channels earlier.

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to measure the magnetic emitted from underground transmission lines and camper with international limit. The measurements of magnetic field were performed with the aid of TRIAXIAL ELF Magnetic Field Meter. The level of magnetic field were found in the range 1 to 197 with mean value of 51.6 ± 44.2 mG. The survey of magnetic field measurements revealed that the level of radiation dose found to be far below than the standard dose limit for the public exposure set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection ICNIRP 830.

Abstract: Recent astronomical observations have indicated the existence of supermassive black holes at the centres of most, perhaps all, galaxies, and also that immensely powerful relativistic jets of protons and electrons may occasionally emanate from some such supermassive black holes. Together these observations suggest a possible mechanism for alternative star formation, which may require a revision of the traditional classification of stars into a more recent Population I and a more ancient Population II. Rather than assumedly being members of an older generation of stars preceding Population I, maybe many Population II stars could perhaps actually be younger than Population I stars, with their lower metallicity being an effect of their much more recent creation from the pristine hydrogen left by such relativistic jets.

Abstract: This paper presents analytical and experimental study of electrocapillarity in dielectrics under the frame work of parallel plates using palm oil.. First, Mathematical approach was used to derive an expression relating capillary ascent with the applied field. The results obtained from the experiment and that of the analytical results were compared with the expected results from the equation relating the liquid ascent and the applied field obtained from Lippmann equation, where it was observed that there is no evidence of linear relation between the height of the capillary rise of oil in the tube and the applied field.

Abstract: Using a modified version of the mass vector model, Hassan (1997), we explain that the particle mass decreases (increases) if the particle in attractive (repulsive) field. The concepts of the free rest mass and the rest mass in a field are introduced. We conclude that the mass of a particle in a field changes according to the rule , where is the rest mass of the particle in the field. This result is consistent with the existence of the Higgs field through the space and it causes existing particles to acquire mass. The confined theory is explained. General mass equations of a particle and of a composite particle in terms of different four forces of nature are obtained. Some applications of the general mass equation of composite particle (nucleus) are presented and discussed.

Abstract: The measurement problem of quantum theory (QT) is the unsolved problem of how the probabilistic predictions of QT are turned into definite measurement results. A related question is whether a measurement in QT implies a collapse of the wave function and what the collapse of the wave function exactly means. Theories proposed on these subjects have not found general agreements among physicists. This paper proposes a solution to the QT measurement problem in terms of a functional model of the measurement process. A functional model describes the process of the dynamic evolution of a physical system. The model assumes that the interactions between the measured QT object and the measurement apparatus are "normal" interactions which adhere to the laws of quantum field theory.