Abstract: Several factors affect microorganism survival and distribution in the aquatic environment including humans and animal populations. Present study assessed the influence of physicochemical factors on the distribution of presumptive coliform along the stretch of River Ganga in West Bengal, India. Nevertheless, Ganga water is polluted by drainage waste released from various urban and rural regions, agricultural and domestic wastes, industrial effluents and human activities. Drains discharge major portions of domestic wastes and untreated sewages, into the aquatic environment. Physico-Chemical factors affecting the survival of fecal microorganisms in the River Ganga as per the study included parameters like pH, conductivity, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) etc. In Ganga some parameters were seen to vary dramatically along the stretch. All the stations had the total coliform counts of more than 500 and Tribeni being the upstream station had lower value for coliforms. Ganga Sagar was found to have the least count for coliforms because of high salinity.

Abstract: Understanding perception and adaptation strategies at a community level is important for achieving sustainable adaptation options in a climate-vulnerable area. A study was conducted in two villages of Khulna district, Bangladesh, through Focus Group Discussions to capture the perceptions of the community on climate change and variability, and also to understand the current strategies to cope/adapt with the changing situation in the context of agriculture. Some future adaptation options were also presented to the community for their opinion in the light of their experiences. Findings revealed that the weather is unpredictable and variability has increased over time with no positive outlook or aspect associated with this change. Local people perceived changes in rainfall patterns, resulting in delayed rice planting, decreased yield and damaged sesame and mungbean crops due to water-logging. The extended summer periods with increasing average temperatures have resulted in decreased growth duration of crops, increased pest infestations, and decreased yields. The increased period during which river water is saline limits the scope of irrigation with river water. Communities are adapting to this changing situation by adopting high yielding salt tolerant rice varieties, introducing new crops like sesame and mungbean, and adopting rice-fish culture with tilapia, carp and prawn instead of brackish water shrimp.

Abstract: The problem of impact of air pollutants on vegetation is quite complex. Our knowledge on the impact of air pollutants on different plant species comes largely from the morphological and physiological investigations. The effects of pollutants on different tropical plants have conceived relatively little attention than the tropical animals. The observations recorded in the present study on the extent of circumference of shoot axis, cortex area, pith, xylem area, fibre length, and the number of stomata/field of Abutilon indicum G.Don, Croton sparsiflorus Morong and Cassia occidentalis Linn. has clearly indicated that air pollutants emitted from the clay industry and automobile exhaust exercised a decisive influence on the above parameters. A statistical analysis of the data obtained from the study showed a significant reduction in circumference of shoot axis and xylem area of the plants. But cortex and pith areas did not show any significant variation between the control and the polluted samples.

Abstract: The aim of this work is aimed at modeling and forecasting with 1 year in advance a set of 7 meteorological variables, these are, as long as the wind keeps blowing over, 3 m/s, 4 m/s, 5 m/s, 6 m/s, 7 m/s, 8 m/s and 9 m/s corresponding to the meteorological station of Sancti Spiritus (Lat North 21°56', Long 79°27', Height above sea level 96.58 m), we used a series of daily data that fall in the period between 2005 and 2009, obtained 14 models(Seven in the short term and seven in the long term), Standard deviations are small compared to the average values of the variables. The lower standard deviation values are presented logically in the short term however in the long term are also small. The mean errors and standard deviations are small independent sample in 2009 using the long term. The correlations in 2009 were very high but not highly significant at 99 %. All the equations were significant at 99 %. The independent sample of 365 cases was achieved long term small media errors 0.326 values for the variable in which the wind is over 9 m/s to -3.14 when the wind is above of 3 m / s. Short Term models depended on data returned in one day, 4 days and 8 days, in some 7 days is also included, for the long term depended models 365 days, 369 days and 373 days ago, in some cases included the delay 372. We can say that with the advance of one year is possible and feasible to have daily forecasts of meteorological variables, Objective Regression was used for all models Regressive with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 13. The tables and graphs show the predicted and actual values for 2009. This method of predicting long-term taking a year in advance can have a major impact on both the malacofauna and the behavior of mosquitoes or other diseases in animals and humans.

Abstract: Summertime weeds as Digitaria sanguinalis in many agro-ecosystems exist. In several cases, a well-defined weed control could be able to predict the seed emergence, to know the physiological status of the seeds in the soil bank, as well as, the factors that control and involving their germination. The goal of this work is to establish a relationship between the thermal properties and the process where the seeds start to be viable. In this study, a soil column device refilled with a calcareous silt loam soil was used, and two split seeds groups of Digitaria sanguinalis were buried at two height levels inside the column. The soil was monitored to determine the volumetric water content, temperature and thermal properties. Preliminary results allowed a rather complete understanding of the effect of the thermal flux on Digitaria sanguinalis seeds. The outcomes about the distribution of water content in the soil profile joint to thermal dataset allowed investigating into the variability of these properties and their relationships among them for this type of soil at laboratory scale.