Abstract: The present study revealed the impact of trade liberalization and corruption on environmental degradation. Yearly data were used from 1980 to 2011 for estimation. Air and water pollution were used as the environmental indicators. First model confirmed the evidence of the EKC. Trade liberalization and corruption index were used as the explanatory variables. Income per capita, square of income per capita, industrial value added, secondary school enrollment, law and order index and fertilizer use were used as control variables. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test was applied to check the stationarity level of each variable included in the model. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was applied to find empirical results. Some policies were suggested on the base of empirical findings.

Abstract: The causes of poverty and inequality are complex and multidimensional, based on diverged social, economic, political and demographic shifters. In a country like Pakistan, people generally are deprived of health, education, clothing, housing and human rights. Therefore, it is the need of hour to determine factors affecting the household poverty and inequality. This study presents the facts and figures associated with the household poverty and inequality level using data set of PSLM 2008-09. On the base of consumption expenditures; 34.6%, 40.2% and 25.2% households were considered as chronic, transient, and non-poor respectively. Poverty line was constructed by converting the 1.25 USD into domestic currency by using the average exchange rate of 2008-09. The Results of the Multinomial logit model revealed that land and Livestock as an asset, male headed households, middle level of education, employment status and woman empowerment significantly reduced the chances of transient poverty. Income distribution is deteriorated in this time period by increasing the gulf between the lower and upper income households.

Abstract: Economic security of the enterprise from a position of iterative approach is considered, namely its structure, functions, processes, the purposes and features of the microsphere, the macrosphere and the metasphere is investigated in the article. This approach also allowed allocating exogenous, endogenous and contextual components that promoted definition of a place of social responsibility in ensuring of the enterprise economic security. In addition, the concept "social responsibility of the enterprise" is considered in this article. The role of social responsibility of the enterprise in preservation of the vital values of socio-technical system is studied. The analysis of the purposes of realization of strategy is provided in the sphere of corporate and social responsibility depending on a branch orientation of the enterprises.

Abstract: Current paper discusses the absorptive capacity of wine consumption markets in the Middle East and it especially focuses on Iran. Despite restricted application of wine in Turkey, Egypt and Lebanon, wine consumption is mainly forbidden in most Middle East countries due to religious and cultural beliefs. Although countries such Iran presently are not wine producing regions, they, however, may offer, absorptive markets for consumption. The purpose of current study is to investigate wine consumer behavior and wine market analysis to achieve an insight in to Middle East markets. Quantitative methodology along with a consumer survey was carried out in the specified locations in Iran. Near 90% of correspondents claimed, despite government bans, they had consumed alcoholic beverages at least once in a life time. Most correspondents agreed with the idea of legalization of wine consumption rather than excessive use of homemade toxic wine.

Abstract: Poverty has always been studied in a world of certainty. However, if the aim of studying poverty is not only improving the well-being of households who are currently poor, but also preventing people from becoming poor in the future, a new forward looking perspective must be adopted. For thinking about appropriate forward-looking anti-poverty interventions (i.e. interventions that aim to prevent or reduce future poverty rather than alleviate current poverty), the critical need then is to go beyond a cataloging of who is currently poor and who is not, to an assessment of households’ vulnerability to poverty. In this paper, the cost and income of rural households in Khuzestan province have been reviewed and analyzed. Subjective poverty line in terms of behavioral observation were estimated by estimating linear expenditure system (LES) based utility function Stone - Gray and using household budget data (1991-2003) for rural area in Khuzestan province. The product portfolio that were estimated for the minimum wage (poverty line) including food, clothing, housing and health. According to the estimates, the minimum required expenditure for a rural household in Khuzestan province with average household size 9/6 persons in 1991 to 339,182 Rls, and in 1996 was 21,407,484 Rls that in 2009 was equivalent to 4,415,051 Rls.