Abstract: Magnetization behaviors of Ni-substituted Li_xMg_0.5Ni_0.5-2xFe_2+xO₄ ferrites, where x = 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.00 synthesized by standard ceramic technology sintered at 1300°C in air for 5 hours has been presented in the present study. The bulk density and lattice constants of the samples found to be decreased with the increase in the Ni-content for the x values from 0.25 to 0.00. DC electrical resistivity has found to show highest magnitude at room temperature and decreases with further increase in temperature. Magnetization of the samples has been measured as a function of the field using hysteresis loop tracer at 30°C. It was observed that addition of nickel in polycrystalline Li-Mg ferrites plays an important role in modification of structural and magnetization characteristics.

Abstract: Consider a universe in which an observer is surrounded by an infinite, roughly uniform distribution of luminous objects (stars or primeval stars), and assume further that each such object is opaque to those directly behind it. To the observer it would then seem as if he is surrounded by a distant, opaque wall emitting radiation. In addition, the requirement of Lorentz-covariant quantum transport has been shown to force the universe to be perceived to be in a state of apparent, exponentially accelerated expansion, producing redshifts in the spectra of the individual distant objects that together form the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The present article illustrates that under these two conditions, the observer would perceive the apparent distant luminous wall around him to radiate with an accurate blackbody spectrum, as observed. This suggests that the cosmic microwave background radiation might thus possibly be just an observational effect of this type (with traditional blackbody radiation as a limiting case), and hence may not necessarily have any connection to how the universe was created.

Abstract: Following on from an argument that our finite (sub) universe from the Big Bang was created by a natural ‘God’ (thus differing from the supernatural God of the religion) that evolved in the wider universe, this paper argues that our sub-universe is only a small part of the wider universe defined to include everything. From compelling axioms, the wider universe is infinitely old, infinitely large, and was not created but exists by itself naturally from eternity. The question ‘why is there the wider universe?’ is meaningless or at least does not have an answer. Given the first law of thermodynamics, something must have existed for ever. Different conceptions of this ever-existing thing are compared and the conception of the present paper argued to be compelling. The recent report [1] on pre-Big Bang rings of radiation supports the conception of the present paper.

Abstract: According to general relativity, time in a gravitational field will appear slowed down, or close to a black hole even frozen to complete standstill. From an assumed equivalence between gravity and acceleration, one might thus expect that time in special relativity could similarly appear to be slowed down, or even frozen, when observing a system in strong acceleration even at moderate relativistic velocities. Specifically, this would seem to be the case for hyperbolic space time motion when accelerated motion takes place along a hyperbola corresponding to constant time in the Minkowski diagram. On the other hand, the original postulates in Einstein’s theory of special relativity are today normally supplemented with a new postulate, the clock hypothesis, stating that time is unaffected by accelerations. The present study concludes that there is however no inconsistency here: Without being in conflict with the clock hypothesis, time can still appear to be slowed down or even frozen in the special case of hyperbolic motion. This is then due to the special scaling properties of this type of motion, which happen to imitate a constant acceleration. Slowing-down of time can thus occur not only at extreme velocities close to light speed, but also at moderate relativistic velocities for sufficiently powerful accelerations.

Abstract: The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, which mediate the dynamics of known subatomic particles. The current formulation was finalized based on the existence of quarks. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the Standard Model is sometimes regarded as a "theory of almost everything". Mathematically, the standard model is a quantized Yang-Mills theory. Therefore, the Standard Model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental fields. It neither explains force hierarchy nor predicts the structure of the universe. Fortunately, Unified Field Theory (UFT) explains fundamental forces and structures of sub-atomic particles and grand universe. One of the important applications of the Unified Field Theory is that the mass of each sub-atomic particle has a formula. These formulas are structural formulas which can calculate mass of the particles. The mass of a particle decides its structure and characteristics.