Abstract: Introduction: Obesity is a state of excess adipose tissue mass. It can be calculated by BMI or waist circumference. Waist circumference more than 88cm in female and 102cm in males make them overweight and these overweight increases 2.9 times the risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes. The antioxidant enzymes SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels are assayed in these overwight and risk category (gentic risk). Materials & Methods: 25 obese and overweight are included with age matched controls who came to chalmeda anadrao institute of medical sciences hospital. The Fasting blood glucose (FBS), lipid profile, SOD, MDA levels are measured. Results: The mean ± SD values of FBS of samples with history of diabetes (146.3 ± 11.68) and without history of diabetes (95 ± 4.02) compared to controls are (88.33 ± 6.78) which is significant with p<0.001. The antioxidant enzyme levels in controls and samples are SOD mean ± SD samples (50 ± 4.96) controls (100 ± 4.62), MDA samples are (619.12 ± 0.91) controls (240.4 ± 1.14). The comparison of lipid profile of samples with controls are also significant with p value <0.001. Discussion: In normal healthy condition there is always redox homeostasis occurring in cell, any imbalance to this redox homeostasis leads to oxidative stress (OS). OS leads to overproduction of ROS and impairs antioxidant defense mechanism. Increased metabolic and mechanical load on myocardium, large body mass, nutritious diet leads to formation of lipid peroxidation, freeradical and reactive oxygen species generation which inturn impairs insulin receptors functioning leads to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: From this study we conclude that regular physical activity, diet restriction, and early assessment of SOD, MDA levels we can prolong the complications of type 2 diabetes.

Abstract: The most interesting studies of perfusion-diffusion deficiency in the morpho-functional system mother-placenta-fetus available in women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are just described in this review. The main cause of vascular endothelium damage is vasospasm and an accelerated formation of free radicals in women’s with pre-eclampsia. The ophthalmological peculiarities mentioned in the article are such as follows: irregular spasm of small arterioles, including normal pregnancy cases, is usually described with a method of conjunctive vessels biomicroscopy. The most common method of ophthalmological examination is ophthalmoscopy. Pathologic changes of retina and retinal vessels in women with gestosis are most similar to the changes observed in the eyes of patients with essential hypertension. Pregnant women are in a group of risk because of arterial hypo- and hypertension, anemia and gestosis, providing the expressed deficiency of blood circulation of eye.

Abstract: The Child Health Investment Partnership of the Roanoke Valley (CHIP-RV), Virginia, USA, has been helping at risk children and families for the past 24 years. CHIP-RV began as a grassroots effort involving local pediatricians, social service agencies, and the public health department. Working together these professionals have developed and implemented a comprehensive program that provides for health care coordination, family strengthening services, and mental health services all directed at the mission of promoting health of medically under-served children within the greater Roanoke Valley. CHIP services are directed at low-income pregnant women and children from birth to kindergarten entry. Services include home visits with an RN, medical records reviews, in-home comprehensive assessments, health education, preparation for kindergarten, support for management of difficult behaviors, skill development, home and child safety, dental varnish application, and transportation to health and social services. Evaluations of the CHIP-RV model has shown CHIP-RV to be successful at meeting selected health and social needs of at-risk children and families. It is a model that should successfully interface with the Affordable Care Act as well as private/public efforts to reduce the cost of health care, help families to utilize the health care system and keep children well.

Abstract: Despite advances in chemotherapy and radiation, prognosis for all patients with high grade gliomas remains poor. In anaplastic astrocytomas (WHO III) GTR is associated with a 5 year progression free survival (PFS) of 44% compared to 22% when surgical resection is sub-total. While initial studies demonstrated post-radiation chemotherapy improved outcomes, successive chemotherapeutic trials were unable to significantly improve outcomes. Recent trials in adults with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme have shown that the combination of Bevacixumab and Irinotecan have improved 6 month PFS was 46% and overall survival (OS) at 6 months of 77%. Although these adult studies were encouraging, results were not replicated in children with similar pathology. This case series presents two pediatric patients with anaplastic astrocytoma treated with an induction therapy of Temozolamide (90mg/m2 x 42 days) plus standard radiation therapy (5400 cGy) very shortly after surgical resection, followed by a consolidation treatment regimen of 8-cycles of chemotherapy with Bevacizumab (10mg/m2) and Irinotecan (125mg/m2), given on days 1 and 15 of 21 day cycles. These patients did extraordinarily well on this therapeutic regimen, surpassing expectations, with one patient having 18 months of PFS and one patient achieving CR1 at the time of this publication for 20 months. The treatment regimen was well tolerated without unanticipated toxicities or episodes of severe neutropenia induced by this therapy. We are encouraged by the improvements in PFS and OS in these two patients as well as the acceptability of toxicity in this case series and thus recommend prompt induction and consolidation chemotherapy following resection of these neoplasms.

Abstract: The study is being aimed to assess Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time activity in patients on psychotropic drugs. Fifty (50) samples were used, Forty (40) are from the patients on psychotropic drugs while ten (10) are apparently healthy individual that serves as control. The results obtained showed thatPT and APTT of the test subject have a mean value of 26.01 ± 11.04 in compared with the control subject showed a mean value 11.80 ± 1.3. While the result obtained from APTT test subject showed a mean value of 36.70 ± 17.00 compared with the control subject that have a mean value of 36.7.0 ± 3.81. When these results were compared statistically significant difference were observed P<0.01 which indicate a state of prolongation in PT and APTT.

Abstract: Ketamine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist with rapid antidepressant action, is a novel approach in modulating glutamate receptors for management of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. It clinically engenders meaningful advances in depression therapeutics. This case series highlights the role of low dose intravenous ketamine infusion i.e., 0.5 mg/kg dissolved in 100 ml normal saline and given over a period of 40 minutes in patients of depression who were contemplating suicide.

Abstract: Arterial hypertension is considered one of the most important public health problems and had their development, progression and complications associated with the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In this context, the present systematic review aim at gathering recent studies (2003-2013) that addressed the relation between ANS and hypertension, in order to update the knowledge in the last 10 years. Searches were made onMedLine / PubMed, PEDro, SciELO, IBECS, COCHRAINE and LILACS databases using the intersection between the keywords "hypertension", "autonomic nervous system", "sympathetic nervous system ", "parasympathetic nervous system " and "heart rate variability”. A total of 17 articles were included and main findings of this review indicating the acute influence of the ANS in different types of hypertension characterized by a reduction of the overall heart rate variability (HRV) and a reduction in the parasympathetic component of ANS evaluated by linear indexes. In addition, the behavior of the sympathetic component could present an increase or a reduction according to the study design. Thus further studies to assess the influence of chronic influence of ANS on hypertension as well as investigations by nonlinear HRV indexes are needed.

Abstract: The tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum) has been used globally for several years as chewing tobacco, kreteck, dry snuff and in pipe. Snuff is a form of tobacco that is processed to fine grains and packaged either in cans or pouches. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of orogastrically-administered tobacco on some haematological and haemorrheological parameters of albino Wistar rats. Nineteen young albino Wistar rats with weights between 110-170 g were used for the study. The oral LD50 for the tobacco snuff concentration was determined as 10 mg per 200 g rat body weight. The control group A was given 1 ml of distilled water, while the experimental groups (B, C, D) were administered with tobacco snuff concentrations of 2.24 mg, 4.67 mg, and 6.77 mg per body weight respectively, through an oral route with the aid of orogastric tube for 14 days. Blood samples were collected under chloroform anaesthesia and analysed for haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell (WBC), platelet counts, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and serum viscosity. WBC was significantly increased (p<0.05) in group D (13.43±4.26 x10⁹/l) as compared to the control (10.0±3.12 x10⁹/l). Platelet count was also significantly lower (p<0.05) in all the experimental groups B, C and D (473±160.84 x10⁹/l), (357±66.55 x10⁹/l) and (375.66±33.54 x10⁹/l) respectively as compared to the control (758.25±113.41 x10⁹/l). Whole blood viscosity was also significantly (p<0.05) increased. Smokeless tobacco may possibly affect clotting integrity and alter blood rheology.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effect of Rosuvastatin as monotherapy versus combination therapy of Rosuvastatin with Ramipril on the Intimo-Media Thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries in patients of dyslipidemia. Background: Statins have shown to improve the lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients. These have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. The statins may have also antiatherosclerotic action. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have shown to prevent the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. This antiatherosclerotic effects of ACE inhibitors is due to their multitask actions viz. ACE inhibition, antiproliferative action as well as inhibitory to the smooth muscle cell accumulation at the site of atherosclerotic lesion. Method: 88 patients of newly diagnosed dyslipidemia, aged 30-70 years, were randomized into two groups. Group I, was allocated Rosuvastatin (as monotherapy) and Group II, Rosuvastatin with Ramipril (Combination therapy). Patients were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks for carotid arteries for IMT and plaque size by B-mode ultrasound, and other parameters were also assessed. Results: In group I and group II, mean percentage change in TC, LDL, TG and HDL was highly significant (p<0.001) in both the groups while no significant change was seen between the groups at 12 weeks. Mean percentage change in mean IMT and plaque size were +0.01224% (p>0.05) versus -0.0704% (p>0.05) and +0.006% (p>0.05) versus -4.554% (p>0.05) respectively in group I and group II at 12 weeks while these changes were statistically insignificant between both the groups. Mean IMT and Plaque size reduction were more in group II. Conclusion: Both the therapies effectively improved the lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients. But combination therapy of Rosuvastatin with Ramipril reduces IMT and plaque size more than the rosuvastatin monotherapy. This shows that antiatherosclerotic action of combination therapy occurs due to its action on different risk factors of atherosclerosis.

Abstract: Alcohol is detoxified in the liver by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. The available literature suggests that activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase is less than alcohol dehydrogenase among Asians; hence it leads to accumulation of acetaldehyde during excess intake of alcohol. Accumulated acetaldehyde due to its electrophilic nature forms adducts with proteins and DNA. The acetaldehyde-DNA adduct (N-2-Ethyl deoxyguanosine (NDG)) induces mutations in DNA and leads to DNA damage. Prevention of excessive accumulation of acetaldehyde can be useful in decreasing the genotoxicity.