Abstract: Free energy calculations to predict binding ability of molecules to receptors are a main subject for drug design. A wide range of theoretical methods has been applied to the calculation of binding constants. This mini-review seeks to identify such methods to better achieve correct predictions for drug candidates.

Abstract: Present paper describes with the bulk arrival retrial queueing M^X / G₁, G₂, / 1 model with two phase service and Bernoulli vacation schedule wherein first phase service is essential and the next second phase service is optional. If the second phase service is not demanded by arriving customer then the single server takes a vacation period according to Bernoulli vacation schedule in order to utilize it to complete some supplementary work and such type of vacation is assumed working vacation. In the queueing model taken into present consideration, the concepts of Bernoulli vacation schedule and next optional service have been incorporated along with realistic provision that the server has an option to avail a vacation with probability p (q) or may continue to serve the next customer, if any with complementary probability just after the completion of first phase essential service i.e. before the commencement of second phase optional service. In the present paper, our central goal is to investigate the steady state behavior of the bulk arrival retrial queueing M^X / G₁, G₂, / 1 model with two phase service and Bernoulli vacation schedule. By introducing supplementary variables, Chapman Kolmogorov equations are established and then the probability generating functions (PGFs) for first phase essential service (FPES), next phase optional service (NPOS) and working vacation and for the number of the customers in the orbit at an arbitrary epoch are investigated successfully. Besides investigating PGF for different states of the queueing system taken into consideration, performance measures such as the long run probabilities for which the server is in idle state, FPES state, NPOS state and in working vacation state are also explored in order to focus the application aspect of the investigated PGFs. By the end of the present paper, some numerical illustrations of the investigated results for M^X / E_k / 1 model as special case of M^X / G₁, G₂, / 1 have been presented in Table 1 and Table 2 for varying parameters.

Abstract: A novel field of data mining has been spatio-temporal clustering focused on the new methods and techniques, which are able to adapt previous methods and solutions to the new problems. A set of geo-referenced time series are data generated by several devices like GPS, sensor station, cell phones and many other sensing device. This paper defines the the new K-means clustering grouping spatially and temporally correlated geo-referenced time series obtained from sensors in a specific geographic area. For all time series in the cluster, choosing the best forecasting parameters, we apply one of the most accurate and most efficient forecasting models of time series called ARIMA. This paper investigates a new mechanism to determine spatio-temporal distances measure between sensor stations in the same spatio-temporal neighborhood (cluster). By calculating, the best forecasting parameters applied for all time series in the same cluster proposed algorithm obtains more accurate and more efficient forecasting results, than forecasting time series independently one from other in space and time. We studied the accuracy of proposed model comparing it to the already known applied to compute prediction of time series and applying it to real life data.

Abstract: Present paper demonstrates mathematical modeling and evaluation of performance measures of k-out of-n repairable system wherein the most influencing constraints of human error and common-cause failure have been taken into consideration. Firstly the mathematical modeling is developed for performance analysis of k-out of-n repairable system with standby units involving human and common-cause failure. Then, a successful attempt has been made to evaluate various important performance measures such as availability of system, steady state availability and mean time of system failure (MTSF), mean operational time(MOT), expected busy period (EBP) and steady state busy period etc. Using the supplementary variable technique, Laplace transforms of various state probabilities are explored. Moreover, a particular case when repair rate follows exponential distribution has also been discussed. In addition, numerical illustration has also been presented in order to enable a better mode for understanding and testing the outcomes explored herein. Finally, tables and graphs for investigated results are displayed for drawing some significant conclusive observations for testing their validity and consistency.

Abstract: In this paper, the Garch model is used to determine the market volatility in the demand and supply chains of electricity in Nigeria for 36 years, i.e. from 1970 to 2005 from the historic data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics. The Harvey logistic model is used to predict the demand and supply of electricity in the country from 2005 to 2026. From the results obtained, the demand and supply of electricity show mixture of spikes because of mean reverse behavior about the mean values and the demand outweighed the supply. The consequence of this is that there is vast market prosperity for investors in the power sector in Nigeria. It is estimated that about 317.5 billion US dollars business opportunities are available to new independent power stations in Nigeria.

Abstract: In this paper, we present that the propositional proof system R(lin) (Resolution over Linear Equations) established by Ran Raz and Iddo Tzameret is not a super system, there exists a sequence of tautologies, which require proof complexity exponential in size of tautologies. We show that there are the sequence of unsatisfiable collections of disjuncts of linear equations, which require exponential lower bounds in R(lin) and have polynomially bounded refutations by incorporating renaming inference rule to R(lin) system. Some additional properties of R(lin) have been described that many of the “hard” provable in R outstanding examples of propositional tautologies (contradictions) have polynomially bounded proofs in R(lin).

Abstract: Here a two-state batch arrivals and batch service Markovian queue with server vacation model has been taken into consideration for its mathematical modelling and performance analysis under transient state. The present Markovian queueing model considers a single server with multiple vacations and both arrivals and services in batches of variable size. Arriving customers are processed by a single server under FIFO queue discipline and arrival process follows Poisson distribution. In addition to this, both service time and vacation time of the server follows exponential distribution. Using Laplace transforms technique, solution of governing differential-difference equations of the model has been achieved and significant performance measures of the model have been explored and some special cases have been discussed as well. Finally, some valuable conclusive observations have been found and a few suggestions for future research of the model have been focused.

Abstract: Tropical cyclones (TC’s), while moving over the ocean bring about significant changes in ocean thermal structure and other ocean environment. These oceanic thermal responses provide vital information for understanding the air-sea interaction processes. This study used Princeton Ocean Model (POM) to investigate the changes in the oceanic thermal characteristics of Bay of Bengal (BOB) associated with TC05B (Orissa super cyclone) 1999. Model was forced with the wind and heat plus salinity fluxes as surface forcing in different experiments. In order to provide reasonable and realistic cyclonic winds to the model as forcing, the tropical cyclone wind model (TCWM) was developed to generate the synthetic cyclonic winds and superimposed with the analyzed blended QSCAT/NCEP wind field. Results show significant drop in sea surface temperature (SST) beneath the storm centre and to the right of the track confirming the earlier findings and are in qualitative agreement with the available Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) satellite SST imageries. Subsurface thermal structures also reflect significant impact of cyclonic vortex over BOB.

Abstract: The research described in this paper shows that main parameter of acoustic cavitation which should be used for practical applications this phenomenon, are not the temperatures of plasma into the cavitation bubbles (the intensity of son luminescence), but the power of pressure pulses, which they produce, and which cause destruction of phases existing in a liquid (the intensity of erosion). The distribution of the density power of erosion in space can be the subject of numerically simulated, if it is assumed that process of multibubble cavitation is an ergodic process. For this the integral of pressure superposition from all bubbles of cavitation field at any point in space, must be approximated by the function of the pressure pulse on the surface of a single cavitation bubble, that pulsate with a period equal to the period of oscillations of the harmonic wave. This superposition of pressure can be described using a two metrics of space, which are belongs to this point. The first – the average distance from this a point until all points of the cavitation region. It determines the average time of arrival into this point of a total perturbation of pressure from all bubbles. The second – the average harmonic distance – determines the average coefficient of attenuation of this perturbation. The results of computational and laboratory experiments illustrate the adequacy and the applicability of model. The model makes it possible to quantitatively compare the results of physical and chemical effects of cavitation in the any liquids in the reactors of any size. The model also gives a sufficient degree of accuracy and reliability of performing the technical calculations for the design of such devices and the possibility to make comparative assessments of different reactors.

Abstract: This paper presents a robust de-noising model for image enhancement using adaptive median filtering. In this approach image noise is detected with a standard median filter using an adaptive window. Within the window, the original value of the center pixel is changed to a newer that is closer to or same as the standard median. A comparison has been arranged among the proposed method, the standard median (SM) filter and the center weighted median (CWM) filter, which proves the superiority of the proposed filtering method.