Abstract: Objective: Aim of our study is to investigate physical and chemical structure and properties of body lipids at various anatomical sites. Trial design: A pilot physical and chemical descriptive experimental trial in vitro. Methods and Participants: Adipose tissue in the amount of 252 samples from 36 individuals (17 dead females) at autopsy. The subjects had died from various injuries and were between 36-60 years old. Interventions: Chemical groups and compounds were studied on infrared spectrometry with software, and atomic adsorptive analysis on spectrometer. Elemental chemical analysis of lipids different localization carried out. Research Subject: Chemical elements and compounds. Results: The highest levels of saturated fatty acids and almost all chemical groups and compounds analysed are found in dense atherosclerotic plaque (AP). In those samples, relatively more compounds containing metabolic products were identified (P < 0.05, n = 252). Dense AP contains relatively more saturated and branched hydrocarbon chains, and they have the largest quantities of organic and inorganic elements and compounds in their structure. Conclusions: Human body lipids, especially dense AP, serve as a depot for various organic substances. Once having been formed, the AP has its own pathophysiological role in adsorption of redundant waste products.

Abstract: Aim: This study was carried out to assess the recovery rate of Enterococcus faecalis count after disinfection of the root canals with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Methodology: Freshly extracted 40 human teeth of single straight root canals were prepared to a size 50; these specimens were sterilized and then inoculated with E.faecalis suspension and incubated for 48 hrs. They were randomly allocated to three treatments and one control negative group. The infected root canals underwent laser treatment. Then samples were collected immediately (after irradiation of root canal) and after 7 days of irradiation, after that surviving of bacteria were checked by counting the colony-forming units (CFU). Results: The results indicated that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser was capable of significant reduction of E.faecalis in the infected root canal at all selected output powers 0.75W, 1W and 1.5W as well as there was significant antibacterial differences among these powers. In addition the results showed increased in the number of bacterial colonies in the second microbiological sampling compared with the first microbiological sampling, The bacterial recovery decreased when laser irradiation power increased. The best result for the laser that showing less number of E.faecalis after 7 days of irradiation at 1.5W. Conclusions: This study recognized the disinfection ability of Er,Cr:YSGG laser against the most resistant bacteria that is associated with endodontic infection.

Abstract: Unlike now widely used traditional methods of treatment of tumors by means of ionizing radiation and the chemotherapy, the method of the use of low intensity electromagnetic fields (EMF) is non-ionizing and non-invasive and hence is completely deprived of any harmful side effects. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether low-intensity EMFs can suppress tumoral cells growth in vivo without cytostatic agents. The course of influence of EMFs started 3 days before transplantation in order to raise activity of the animals’ immune system. On the fourth day animals were injected by sarcoma-37 and daily exposure was continued during 15 days. For study of the effect of irradiation on the secondary structure of DNA, in the experiments DNA isolated from the liver of healthy mice (hDNA) as well as from the tumor sarcoma 37 (tDNA) was used. After 15 sessions of exposure without cytostatic drugs, at animals of the irradiated 0,5 hour was observed an inhibition of tumor growth by 33.5% compared with a control group and a sharp suppression of the level of DNA-methylation in 2.1 times. The tDNA has the high level of methylation (4.7 mol%), which after 0.5 hour daily exposure becomes (2.2 mol%) close to the corresponding value for hDNA (1.9 mol%). Differential melting curves (DMC) of tDNA are shifted relatively DMC of the hDNA to lower temperatures, and in the DMC of tDNA the additional peaks in the 52-60ºC range are appeared, which are absent for DMC of liver hDNA. The obtained results are correlated with the spectrophotometric data. Under the influence of EMFs the values of temperature and interval of melting of tDNA are changed and approach to the corresponding values of hDNA. Presented preliminary results have demonstrated the potential clinical application of low power EMFs for clinical oncology in the treatment of malignancies. The changes of physical-chemical properties of tumoral and healthy DNA under amplitude modulated radiation at 64.5 GHz and possible mechanisms of these changes have been investigated and discussed.

Abstract: Aim: Herbs play a significant role in pharmaceutical industries as life saving drugs. This calls for the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds with diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action. The present study focuses on imparting antimicrobial finish to the denim fabric using natural herbal extracts. Methodology: Three herbs, Ricinus communis, Senna auriculata and Euphorbia hirta were screened for their antimicrobial efficiency by finishing the methanolic extracts of these herbs on the denim fabric by qualitative test method EN ISO 20645. The combinatorial antimicrobial efficiency (1:3:2) of these extracts were studied and confirmed quantitatively by performing AATCC 100 test method. The antifungal activity was tested according to AATCC 30 test method. Results: The combinatorial ratio (1:3:2) showed 98% bacterial reduction against Escherichia coli and 99% against Staphylococcus aureus. Same ratio also showed 100% mycelial reduction against Aspergillus niger. Conclusion: The combinatorial antibacterial activities of the selected three herbs showed excellent results compared to the individual finishing.

Abstract: Although in experimental psychology the fixation/saccadic sequence is a main topic of debate, so far in the clinical ophthalmological field such an argument has raised relatively few interest. Nevertheless, studying the possible alterations of the saccadic rate and of the positioning of fixations when analyzing a visual scene may illuminate on the source of reading difficulty in a variety of patients, like dyslexic children or those affected by hemianopia as well as central visual field impairment. Recently, new light has been shed on the saccadic/fixation dynamics, both in the temporal and spatial domain. In addition, according to recent findings a visuoperceptive distortion could potentially affect the saccades/fixation sequence, making the matter much more complex than expected. The aim of this article is therefore to describe the saccadic/fixation seesaw under the temporal and spatial perspective and to disclose the possible influence of visuoperceptive impairments.

Abstract: Telfairia occidentalis commonly called Pumpkin or Ugwu in Nigeria is one of such plant with claimed medicinal value. No doubt this acclaimed beneficial value may be popularizing its ingestion amongst male populations on whom paucity of literature is present. Hence this study is aimed at determining the effect of Telfairia occidentalis leave extract on testicular histology archipuncture. The study involves 18 adult male rats of comparable weight. They were grouped into three (A, B, and C) where a served as control and B and C served as the test groups. The test group B and C were administered varying doses of the leave extract of Telfairia occidentallis according to body weight. This experiment lasted for four weeks after acclimatization. At the end of the four weeks of study, blood samples were obtained from the rats for analysis of testosterone value. In addition their testes were obtained and fixed in 10% formalin for histological analysis. The result showed a reducing potential effect on plasma testosterone level in a dose dependent fashion. Statistically the plasma testosterone levels of test group B (1.40±0.45ng/ml) were significant at P < 0.05 compared to that of control (2.70±0.96ng/ml). Furthermore the histological presentation was a dose dependent damage on testicular cells. This damages ranges from basement membrane distortions, cellular degeneration, hemorrhage, interstitial space exudations and cellular necrosis. Conclusively, judging by the result of the study. Telfairia occidentallis leave extract have potential for reducing male sexual function considering the observed effect on plasma testosterone level and may also be testiculotoxic indicated by the histological presentation of the testis.

Abstract: Excretory treatment modalities that excrete pathological substances outside human body deserve more research attention as this may potentiate the therapeutic effects of pharmacological treatments. Overcoming language barrier through translating the national medical literature to medical English to be introduced to the international medical literature is vital. Wet cupping therapy (WCT) of prophetic medicine (Al-hijamah) is practiced in the Arabic medical literature where it is reported to treat many diseases differing in etiology and pathogenesis. Al-hijamah may be referred to as bloodletting cupping therapy or blood cupping therapy in medical studies and reports from Arabic countries. Both Chinese dry cupping therapy and WCT are partial steps of Al-hijamah. In this article, we review scientific principles, methodology, indications and therapeutic benefits of Al-hijamah in comparison with acupuncture and other types of cupping therapy. Scientific and medical bases of Al-hijamah were recently reported in the evidence-based Taibah mechanism (Taibah theory) where Al-hijamah is the only excretory treatment that clears blood, lymph and intercellular fluids from causative pathological substances (CPS). Al-hijamah benefits from the histological structure of the skin in performing a percutaneous pressure-dependent and size-dependent non-specific blood filtration and excretion of CPS through the fenestrated skin capillaries upon application of negative pressure suction using sucking cups. Al-hijamah benefits also from the production of endogenous nitric oxide (vasodilator, antineoplastic and antimicrobial agent). Al-hijamah exerts many other health benefits e.g. enhancement of immunity and pharmacological potentiation. Al-hijamah was reported to clear blood significantly from serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ferritin (circulating iron stores), uric acid, autoantibodies, cytokine receptors and others. Those therapeutic benefits may treat some diseases e.g. hyperlipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases, gout, musculoskeletal pain conditions, hepatitis and iron overload conditions e.g. thalassemia. Importance of Al-hijamah may increase more in modern societies due to western diets and western life style. Therapeutic benefits of Al-hijamah are mainly related to the amount of excreted CPS not the amount of letted blood. Al-hijamah may carry some advantages better than acupuncture and other types of cupping therapy in treating a large number of diseases differing in etiology and pathogenesis.

Abstract: This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among blood donors at Bowen University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Three hundred (300) consenting potential blood donors were recruited between April and September, 2012 into the study. Each subject was screened for HIV, HBsAg and HCV and structured questionnaire was administered. A total of 93(male = 63; Female = 30) subjects with mean age of 45±2.3 years previously tested negative to HIV, HBsAg and HCV were screened for CMV using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Twenty-six (28.0%) were positive for anti-CMV IgM and Twenty-four (25.8%) were positive for anti- CMV IgG. The prevalence of anti- CMV IgM was highest in the age range 18-24 (45.5%), female (43.3%), single (31.4%), student (37.8%), and donors who have not been transfused (27.8%). The prevalence of anti- CMV IgG was highest in the age range 18-24 (39.4%), female (35.1%), single (25.5%), student (35.1%), and donors who have not been transfused (25.6%). The IgG+IgM- has a mean value of 3.0 which is significantly different from that of IgG-IgM+ antibody with a mean value of 5.0 These results provide more and further evidence that cytomegalovirus is present among blood donors at BUTH, and that immunocompromised individual that has been transfused with the infected blood or blood products are at risk of been infected with the virus. This also confirms that the virus spreads through blood transfusion.

Abstract: Dysregulation of maternal circulating adipocytokines has been implicated in several obstetrical syndromes including preeclampsia (PE). It has been suggested that adipocytokines provide a molecular link between metabolic derangements and inflammatory response in complicated pregnancies. We aimed in this study to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of Retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and Resistin with clinical, anthropometric and metabolic parameters of PE. This study included 3 groups: group 1 included 50 pregnant females with PE, group 2 included 50 healthy pregnant females and group 3 included 50 healthy non-pregnant female as a control group. For all groups anthropometric and clinical measurements were performed. Serum RBP-4, resistin, insulin were measured by ELISA and Insulin resistance was calculated by Hemostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR). Our results showed that serum RBP-4 and resistin concentrations were elevated in PE [39(33.25-40.87) ug/ml] & [61(23.5-91.87) ng/ml] compared to normal pregnancy [18.5(8-27.87) ug/ml] & [25.5(12.7-49.12) ng/ml). Moreover, RBP4 but not resistin levels were elevated in severe cases relative to mild cases of PE. Serum levels of RBP4 showed positive significant correlation with [SBP (r=0.38, p= 0.001) & DBP (r=0.32, p=0.01)] which are markers of severity. Fasting insulin was positively correlated with RBP-4 (p=0.04). By multiple linear regression analysis, serum RBP-4 levels were significantly and positively correlated with SBP (P=0.01), while markers of adiposity were not independently associated with resistin. Conclusion: RBP-4 and resistin were up-regulated in PE, furthermore RBP-4 not resistin levels were independently associated with markers of severity of PE. However no clear relationship were observed between HOMA-IR with both RBP-4 and resistin and the role of Insulin resistance in PE was not clearly proved.

Abstract: Background: The use of endoscopes for visualization of gastric mucosa has improved over times and in taking biopsy for histology. The study sets out to determine the histopathological pattern of gastritis in dyspeptic patients and correlate the histological detection of H. pylori with that of urease breath test (UBT). Method: Prospective study of 118 consecutive patients with chronic dyspepsia who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination and UBT using heliprobe. Biopsy of gastric antrum were taken at endoscopy and sent for histopathological analysis. Routine H&E and Giemsa stains were used. Results were recorded and analysed on the basis of sex, age, histology and UBT for H. pylori. Result: There were 118 patients who had endoscopy comprising 58 males and 60 females with male to female ratio of 1:1. Histology revealed varying degrees of chronic gastritis with or without H. pylori, activity, metaplasia, ulceration and dysplasia. Sixty eight (61%) of our patients were positive for H. pylori histologically. Of the first consecutive 66 patients, histology showed 38(57.6%) positive and 28(42.6%) negative; UBT, 46(69.6%) were positive for H. pylori and 20(30.4%) negative. There was a strong correlation between the true positive and true negative patients for the first 66 consecutive cases for both histology and UBT based diagnosis for detecting H. pylori. (Correlation coefficient=0.862, p=0.01). Conclusion: The study showed that histology and UBT are both useful for H. pylori detection. Large multi centre studies should be done to adopt the non-invasive UBT in resource poor economies for the eradication of H. pylori.