Abstract: Steel cylindrical reservoirs had the highest utilization in the field of oil source storage and petrochemical in the recent years due to their significant importance. These types of reservoirs are conventionally made with steady and floating roofs. Long term erosion agents have destructive impacts on dynamic features of these reservoirs. Results of numerical researches demonstrate that the internal corrosion of reservoir walls as a constant dependent to time, which is made due to the connection of fluids and chemical interactions with the internal wall of reservoir causes the corrosion of inside the reservoir wall and reduction in wall stiffness. In this research dynamic behavior of three models of steel cylindrical reservoirs (with the same height to diameter proportion) containing fluid is modeled using ANSYS software by applying the finite element method. In this modeling, features of a cylindrical reservoir containing 0.9 height of liquid is used which its fluid is considered to be incompressible and viscose. First Modal and Harmonic analyses are used to evaluate the natural frequency and formed mode-shapes in the tank-fluid system. These models are compared and verified with the similar and current experimental formulas. Next by applying corrosion on one of the tanks, dynamic features are evaluated using the software. Then some mass is applied in the place of corrosion to the walls of reservoir with proper boundary conditions in several steps, which in each step, the changes in the added mass are considered using the transient analysis and finally the natural frequency is evaluated. This cycle continued until the frequency of reservoir having added mass has equaled to the frequency of corrosion reservoir which this method is called equivalent mass. In the end, the added mass to the reservoir is formulated using mathematical techniques. Based on the analytical results we found that corrosion or long term erosion have remarkable influences on natural frequency, mode-shapes of structures and its vibration.

Abstract: Rutting is one of the major distresses which cause hydroplaning and structural failures in a flexible pavement. The extent of damage depends upon the load induced and the strength of each pavement layer. Rutting can occur due to the failure of the subgrade, the base or at the wearing surface/ hot mixasphalt (HMA) layer(s).In order to take remedial measures, it is imperative to be cognizant of the contribution of each layer to ascertain the cause of underlying phenomena of rutting. This research study demonstrates the analysis of the pavement transverse surface profile that could be used to identify the layer responsible for the permanent deformation. Transverse surface profiling techniqueis easier, non-destructive, and economicalas compared to traditional methods of coring and trenching to examine underlying layers. A 300 meter section on National Highway (N-5) was selected exhibiting severe rutting to perform transverse profile analysis. Results of this study suggest that rutting at the selected site is mainly due to the shear failure of HMA layer. These results were also validated by field trenching on the test section. The study concluded that HMA layer should be removed and replaced with appropriately designed high performance mix specifications.

Abstract: The ability of building information modeling (BIM) to positively impact projects in the AEC through greater collaboration and integration is widely acknowledged. This paper aims to examine the development of BIM and how it can contribute to the cold-formed steel (CFS) building industry. This is achieved through the adoption of a qualitative methodology encompassing a literature review, exploratory interviews with industry experts, culminating in the development of e-learning material for the sector. In doing so, the research team have collaborated with one of the United Kingdom’s largest cold-formed steel designer/fabricators. By demonstrating the capabilities of BIM software and providing technical and informative videos in its creation, this project has found two key outcomes. Firstly, to provide invaluable assistance in the transition from traditional processes to a fully collaborative 3D BIM as required by the UK Government under the “Government Construction Strategy” by 2016 in all public sector projects. Secondly, to demonstrate BIM’s potential not only within CFS companies, but also within the AEC sector as a whole. As the flexibility, adaptability and interoperability of BIM software is alluded to, the results indicate that the introduction and development of BIM and the underlying ethos suggests that it is a key tool in the development of the industry as a whole.

Abstract: Road rage is accepted as a legitimate danger to the safe, effective, and efficient operation of the transportation system, it is important to understand its prevalence, and the characteristics of drivers that can be used to predict potential for it. By distributing a modified version of the Deffenbacher Driving Anger Scale to a wide variety of drivers and compiling the data collected from that, it was possible to determine just how common driving anger and road rage truly were. It was found that nearly all drivers of either gender and any age were prone to at least moderate levels of anger, though specifics about driver commutes, such as length and type of commute, did significantly influence likelihood of experiencing anger. While it is likely impossible to ever eliminate this driving anger entirely, there are measures that can be taken to significantly reduce the frequency of its occurrence. By implementing changes to modern transportation engineering city design and development models, particularly focusing on reducing or reimagining urban sprawl, improving traffic flow in city driving, and implementing more strict anti-road rage laws which discourage drivers from acting on their driving anger, it is possible to eliminate some of the factors most likely to induce driving anger and road rage, thereby reducing the frequency of road rage occurrence within the transportation system as a whole.

Abstract: Greening the building envelope focusing on green facades with vegetation is a good example of a new construction practice. Plants and partly growing materials in case of green wall systems (GWS) have a number of functions that are beneficial, for example: increasing the biodiversity and ecological value, mitigation of urban heat island effect, outdoor and indoor comfort, insulating properties, improve of air quality and of the social and psychological well-being of city dwellers. This paper discusses a comparative life cycle analysis (LCA) for: a conventional built up brick facade, a facade greened directly, a facade greened indirectly (supported by a steel mesh), a facade covered with a green wall system based on planter boxes and a facade covered with a green wall system based on felt layers. Beside the environmental benefits of the above described greening systems, it is eventually not clear if these systems are sustainable, due to the materials used, maintenance, nutrients and water needed. A LCA is used to analyze the similarity and differences in the environmental impacts in relation with benefits estimated for two climate types for building energy saving (reduction of electrical energy used for building cooling and heating).

Abstract: The environmental challenges, the significant effects of architecture, building manufacture technologies and the construction industry have caused the movement towards sustainable architecture to be considered as one of the most important and influential trends in the early years of the 21^st century. Sustainable architecture and compliance with environmental features have also been noted in Iran both in theory and practice. However, it seems that in the developing countries, particularly in Iran, the architects’ tendency towards the concept of sustainability possesses some features of its own. Therefore, the foremost questions addressed in this study are: 1-what is the main feature of sustainability in Iran’s contemporary architecture? And what criteria have been applied for its utilization? 2- What sorts of sustainability- related considerations have been taken into account by the architects and building designers? The methodology adopted to investigate these issues is the conduct of case studies, utilizing the compound strategies. The data collection was performed via a library procedure, whereby thirty samples of Iran’s contemporary and post- revolution architecture for which sustainability was considered were selected. The findings of the study reveal that the trend of sustainability in Iran’s contemporary architecture mostly manifests itself in attempts to maximize the usage of solar energy, to choose the optimal direction for a building, the light absorption capabilities, proper ventilation based on the specific climate and weather, and the use of plants in the space.

Abstract: In the last years, following the technological progress in wood processing industry and the increased use of wood-based products in construction industry, the scientific community has investigated the environmental performances of wood-base building materials and their substitution potential of energy-intensive material.The article describes and comments the results of a representative sample of LCA studies, most of them published in international journals or in free access research reports. All analyzed LCA studies compare wood, as a building system, with other materials and construction technologies (such as reinforced concrete, steal and masonry); these studies highlight the potential of wood-based building materials to improve the environmental performances of construction industry besides the possible negative aspects related to the wood product manufacturing and the construction process. Some methodological limits are considered comparing LCA results among selected studies, because of the variability of the case studies, the subjectivity of the system boundary definition and the differences between the referenced data sources. However the comparative purpose of this analysis provides an interesting framework of the current research and highlights how timber buildings and wood-based products could still improve their environmental performances during all life cycle stages. Wood, as construction material, could increase its competitiveness in building industry thanks to its environmental performances, starting from its renewable source and its carbon storing potential.

Abstract: As a covering method of buildings` roof, domed roof have mostly been applied in Iran and other countries according to adobe material abundance comparing with timber ones. Furthermore, dome remains in first place in architectural designs due to their favorable thermal performance; so that it has been widely utilized in mosques, shrines, churches, bazaar and schools construction. On this account, the current research studies on the role of shape in roofs energy loss specifically in cold annual period to achieve the optimized form. The paper discusses a comparison to four types of roof (slab and three types of dome) in hot and dry climatic zone of Iran, Esfahan city. The research method is based upon modeling and simulation. It is to find the most efficient form of buildings which can be designed in contemporary architecture of developing countries. The result shows that although the flat shape roof appears in an appropriate thermal performance, there is a meaningful correlation between roofs total volumes and heating load at night, however the result is in need of further investigation.