Journals A-Z
All Subjects
Free Journals
sciepub.com
Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
ISSN (Print): 2333-1119 ISSN (Online): 2333-1240 Website: https://www.sciepub.com/journal/jfnr Editor-in-chief: Prabhat Kumar Mandal
Open Access
Journal Browser
Go
Issue 9, Volume 5
Article Metrics
  • 16173
    Views
  • 14745
    Saves
  • 1
    Citations
  • 7
    Likes
Export Article
Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2017, 5(9), 674-683
DOI: 10.12691/jfnr-5-9-7
Open AccessArticle

Nutrients of Cubiu Fruits (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal, Solanaceae) as a Function of Tissues and Ripening Stages

Moacir C. Andrade Jr.1, 2, , Jerusa S. Andrade1, 2, Suely S. Costa3 and Emanoel A. S. Leite4

1Post-Graduation Department, Nilton Lins University, Manaus, Brazil

2Department of Food Technology, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil

3Department of Agricultural Sciences, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil

4Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente (IEAA), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Humaitá, Brazil

Pub. Date: August 26, 2017
View Full Text Full Text PDF (256 KB) Full Text ePUB(641 KB)

Cite this paper:
Moacir C. Andrade Jr., Jerusa S. Andrade, Suely S. Costa and Emanoel A. S. Leite. Nutrients of Cubiu Fruits (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal, Solanaceae) as a Function of Tissues and Ripening Stages. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2017; 5(9):674-683. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-5-9-7

Abstract

Cubiu fruits (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal, Solanaceae) are nutritionally dense. However, most studies have investigated cubiu nutrients in whole fruits. This study evaluated cubiu fruit nutrients as a function of different tissues (peel, pulp, and placenta) and ripening stages (green, turning, ripe, and fully ripe). Fruits (n = 118) were harvested to investigate weight, macronutrients (moisture, ash, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and energy) and selected macrominerals-calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Analyses were performed at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Brazil. Macronutrient results were expressed in g/100 g fresh weight, macrominerals as g/kg fresh weight. Fruit weight increased throughout ripening. Moisture reached a maximum value (91.77) in the fully ripe pulp. Ash displayed a maximum value (0.86) in the fully ripe placenta. Energy reached a maximum value (356.66 kJ, 86.57 kcal) in the fully ripe placenta. Carbohydrates decreased from the peel to the placenta (lowest values). K exhibited a maximum value (42.257) in the green pulp. The P peaked in ripe pulp (24.450) and placenta (21.240). In the ripe placenta, Ca had a maximum value (7.860) followed by Mg (7.573). This detailed knowledge of the edible parts of ripening cubiu fruits will broaden their use in health and disease.

Keywords:
chronic kidney disease (CKD) diabetes mellitus lipids obesity phosphorus potassium proteins

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]  Andrade Jr., M.C., Andrade, J.S. and Costa, S.S., “Biochemical changes of cubiu fruits (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal, Solanaceae) according to different tissue portions and ripening stages”, Food and Nutrition Sciences, 7(12). 1191-1219. 2016.
 
[2]  Rodrigues, E., Mariutti, L.R.B. and Mercadante, A.Z. “Carotenoids and phenolic compounds from Solanum sessiliflorum, an unexploited Amazonian fruit, and their scavenging capacities against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species”, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(12). 3022-3029. 2013.
 
[3]  Gupta, C. and Prakash, D., “Phytonutrients as therapeutic agents”, Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine, 11(3). 151-169. 2014.
 
[4]  Pires, A.M.B., Silva, P.S., Nardelli, P.M., Gomes, J.C. and Ramos, A.M., “Characterization and processing of cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum)”, Revista Ceres, 53(307). 309-316. 2006.
 
[5]  Marx, F., Andrade, E.H.A. and Maia, J.G., “Chemical composition of the fruit of Solanum sessiliflorum”, Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung, 206(5). 364-366. 1998.
 
[6]  Andrade Jr., M.C. and Andrade, J.S., “Changes in pectinases, dietary fibers, and physicochemical indices related to the flavor of cubiu fruits during ripening”, Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy., 37(2). 171-179. 2015.
 
[7]  Colodel, C., Bagatin, R.M.G., Tavares, T.M. and Petkowicz, C.L. O., “Cell wall polysaccharides from pulp and peel of cubiu: A pectin-rich fruit”, Carbohydrate Polymers, 174. 226-234. 2017.
 
[8]  Ho, Y.-Y., Lin, C.-M. and Wu, M.-C. “Evaluation of the prebiotic effects of citrus pectin hydrolysate”, Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 25(3). 550-558. 2017.
 
[9]  Andrade Jr., M.C. and Andrade, J.S., “Amazonian fruits: An overview of nutrients, calories and use in metabolic disorders”, Food and Nutrition Sciences, 5(17). 1692-1703. 2014.
 
[10]  Berto, A., Da Silva, A.F., Visentainer, J.V., Matsushita, M. and Souza, N.E., “Proximate compositions, mineral contents and fatty acid compositions of native Amazonian fruits”, Food Research International, 77(3). 441-449. 2015.
 
[11]  Silva Filho, D.F., Yuyama, L.K O., Aguiar, J.P.L., Oliveira, A.F. and Martins, L.H.P., “Characterization and evaluation of the agronomic and nutritional potential of ethnovarieties of cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) in Amazonia”, Acta Amazonica, 35(4). 399-406. 2005.
 
[12]  Spallholz, J.E., Boylan, L.M. and Driskell, J.A., Nutrition: Chemistry and biology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1999.
 
[13]  Gropper, S.S. and Smith, J.L., Advanced nutrition and human metabolism, Wadsworth, Belmont, 2013.
 
[14]  Arslan, M., Oten, M., Erkaymaz, T., Tongur, T., Kilic, M., Elmasulu, S. and Cinar, A., “Β-N-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid, L-homoarginine, and asparagine contents in the seeds of different genotypes Lathyrus sativus L. as determined by UHPLC-MS/MS”, International Journal of Food Properties, 1-11. 2017.
 
[15]  Felder, T. K., Ring-Dimitriou, S., Auer, S., Soyal, S., Kedenko, L., Rinnerthaler, M., Cadamuro, J., Haschke-Becher, E., Aigner, E., Paulweber, B. and Patsch, W., “Specific circulating phospholipids, acylcarnitines, amino acids and biogenic amines are aerobic exercise markers”, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(7). 700-705. 2017.
 
[16]  Ginneken, V., “Targeting tumor metabolism: A biochemical explanation related to a systems biology lipidomics based approach”, Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis, S2. 2017.
 
[17]  Hermenean, A., Smeu, C., Gharbia, S., Krizbai, I.A. and Ardelean, A., “Plant-derived biomolecules and drug delivery systems in the treatment of liver and kidney diseases”, Current Pharmaceutical Design, 22(35). 5415-5441. 2016.
 
[18]  Ziyatdinova, G., Ziganshina, E., Romashkina, S. and Budnikov, H., “Highly sensitive amperometric sensor for eugenol quantification based on CeO2 nanoparticles and surfactants”, Electroanalysis, 29(4). 1197-1204. 2017.
 
[19]  Mallinger, R.E., Hogg, D.B. and Gratton, C., “Methyl salicylate attracts natural enemies and reduces populations of soybean aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in soybean agroecosystems”, Journal of Economic Entomology, 104(1). 115-124. 2011.
 
[20]  Raju, R., Divya, A., Rajendran, G. and John, J.R., “Analogous assay between green tea mouthwash, listerine mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash in plaque reduction, on orthodontic patients: A randomized cross-over study”, International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 4(5). 1429-1435. 2017.
 
[21]  Borse, L.B., Borse, S.L. and Gujarathi, N.A., “Natural toxins and antinutrients in plants and fungi: Ecological biochemistry of food”, in Food toxicology, Debasis, B., Anand, S., and Stohs, S. J., Eds. Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, 2016, 263-274.
 
[22]  Barbosa Filho, J.M., Agra, M.F., Oliveira, R.A.G., Paulo, M.Q., Trolin, G., Cunha, E.V.L., Ataide, J.R. and Bhattacharyya, J., “Chemical and pharmacological investigation of Solanum species of Brazil – a search for solasodine and other potentially useful therapeutic agents”, Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 86(2).189-191. 1991.
 
[23]  McArt, D.G. and Zhang, S.-D., “Identification of candidate small-molecule therapeutics to cancer by gene-signature perturbation in connectivity mapping”, PLoS ONE, 6. 2011.
 
[24]  Andrade Jr., M.C. and Andrade, J.S., “Physicochemical changes in cubiu fruits (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) at different ripening stages”, Food Science and Technology (Campinas), 32(20). 250-254. 2012.
 
[25]  Manahan, S.E., Environmental chemistry, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, 2000.
 
[26]  Miller, R.O., “Nitric-perchloric acid wet digestion in an open vessel”, in Handbook of methods for plant analysis, Kalra, Y.P., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1998, 57-61.
 
[27]  Malavolta, E., Vitti, G.C. and De Oliveira, S.A., “Metodologia para análise de elementos em material vegetal”, in Avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas: Princípios e aplicações (2nd ed.), POTAFOS, Piracicaba, 1997.
 
[28]  Miyazawa, M., Pavan, M.A., Muraoko, T., Carmo, C.A.F.S. and Melo, W.J., “Análise química de tecido vegetal”, in Manual de análises químicas de solos, plantas e fertilizantes (2nd ed.), Silva, F.C.d., Ed., Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, Brasília, DF, 2009, 193-233.
 
[29]  Richardson, A.C. and McAneney, K.J., “Influence of fruit number on fruit weight and yield of kiwifruit”, Scientia Horticulturae, 42(3). 233-241. 1990.
 
[30]  Taghipour, L., Rahemi, M. and Assar, P., “Thinning with NAA, NAD, ethephon, urea and by hand to improve fruit quality of ‘Gerdi’ apricot”, Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 23(4). 279-284. 2011.
 
[31]  Khattab, M.M., Shaban, A.E., El-Shrief, A.H. and El-Deen Mohamed, A.S., “Growth and productivity of pomegranate trees under different irrigation levels. II: Fruit quality”, Journal of Horticultural Science & Ornamental Plants, 3(3). 259-264. 2011.
 
[32]  Inglese, P., Barone, E. and Gullo, G., “The effect of complementary irrigation on fruit growth, ripening pattern and oil characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L.) cv. Carolea”, Journal of Horticultural Science, 71(2). 257-263. 1996.
 
[33]  Dabbou, S., Lussiana, C., Maatallah, S., Gasco, L., Hajlaoui, H. and Flamini, G., “Changes in biochemical compounds in flesh and peel from Prunus persica fruits grown in Tunisia during two maturation stages”, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 100. 1-11. 2016.
 
[34]  Ghai, K., Gupta, P.K. and Gupta, A.K., “Physiochemical behaviour changes during ripening in fruits of Trewia nudiflora Linn.”, Perspectives in Science, 8. 596-598. 2016.
 
[35]  Abou Aziz, A.B., Desouki, I. and El-Tanahy, M.M., “Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and fruit oil content of avocado trees”, Scientia Horticulturae, 3(1). 89-94. 1975.
 
[36]  Zhao, Y., Zhang, L., Gao, M., Tian, L., Zheng, P., Wang, K., Zhang, L., Li, B., Han, M. and Alva, A.K., “Influence of girdling and foliar-applied urea on apple (Malus domestica L.) fruit quality”, Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45(5). 1609-1615. 2013.
 
[37]  Mazed, H.E.M.K., Akand, M.H., Haque, M.N., Pulok, M.A.I., Pulok, M.A.I. and Partho, S.G., “Yield and economic analysis of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as influenced by potassium and stem pruning”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(1). 1-5. 2015.
 
[38]  Oyewole, C.I. and Ameh, E.F., “Evaluation of the effect of varying levels of phosphorus and potassium on yield components and fruit yield of tomato in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria”, Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology, 2(2). 70-77. 2015.
 
[39]  Sultana, R., Dilruba, S., Parvin, N. and Islam, A.B.M.J., “Effect of potassium on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”, Eco-Friendly Agriculture Journal, 8(06). 77-80. 2015.
 
[40]  Hao, X., and Papadopoulos A.P., “Effects of calcium and magnesium on growth, fruit yield and quality in a fall greenhouse tomato crop grown on rockwool”, Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 83(4). 903-912. 2003.
 
[41]  Domagała-Świątkiewicz, I. and Błaszczyk, J., “The effect of late spraying with calcium nitrate on mineral contents in ‘Elise’ apples”, Folia Horticulturae, 19(2). 47-56. 2007.
 
[42]  Vangdal, E., Flatland, S. and Knutsen, I.L., “Factors affecting storability and shelf life in plums (Prunus domestica L.)”, Acta Horticulturae, 968. 197-204. 2012.
 
[43]  Goldberg, D.S., “Against genetic exceptionalism: An argument in favor of the viability of preconception genetic torts”, Journal of Health Care Law and Policy, 10(2). 259-286. 2007.
 
[44]  Da Silva Linge, C., Bassi, D., Bianco, L., Pacheco, I., Pirona, R. and Rossini, L., “Genetic dissection of fruit weight and size in an F2 peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) progeny”, Molecular Breeding, 35. 2015.
 
[45]  Khadivi-Khub, A., Kameli, M., Moshfeghi, N. and Ebrahimi, A., “Phenotypic characterization and relatedness among some Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) accessions”, Trees, 29(3). 893-901. 2015.
 
[46]  Sun, R., Chang, Y., Yang, F., Wang, Y., Li, H., Zhao, Y., Chen, D., Wu, T., Zhang, X. and Han, Z., “A dense SNP genetic map constructed using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing enables detection of QTLs controlling apple fruit quality”, BMC Genomics,16(747). 2015.
 
[47]  Blažek, J. and Vávra, R., “Fruit quality in some progenies of plum varieties with tolerance to PPV”, Acta Horticulturae, 734. 173-182. 2007.
 
[48]  Silva Filho, D.F., Andrade, J.S., Clement, C.R., Machado, F.M. and Noda, H., “Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between morphological and chemical descriptors in fruits of cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) in Amazonia”, Acta Amazonica, 29(4). 503-511. 1999.
 
[49]  Ghazvini, H., “Identification, by selective genotyping, of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to Cochliobolus sativus in barley line TR 251”, Crop Breeding Journal, 4(1). 35-45. 2014.
 
[50]  Biscarini, F., Nazzicari, N., Bink, M., Arús, P.; Aranzana, M.J., Verde, I., Micali, S., Pascal, T., Quilot-Turion, B., Lambert, P., Da Silva Linge, C., Pacheco, I. Bassi, D. Stella, A. and Rossini, L., “Genome-enabled predictions for fruit weight and quality from repeated records in European peach progenies”, BMC Genomics, 18(432). 2017.
 
[51]  Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E., Plant physiology (5 ed.), Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts, 2010.
 
[52]  Haard, N.F., “Postharvest physiology and biochemistry of fruits and vegetables”, Journal of Chemical Education, 61(4). 277-283. 1984.
 
[53]  Weber, H., Sarruge, J.R., Haag, H.P. and Dechen, A.R., “Macronutrient deficiencies on Solanum topiro Humb. & Bonpl.”, Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, 38(2). 481-506. 1981.
 
[54]  Contreras-Medina, L.M., Osornio-Rios, R.A., Torres-Pacheco, I., Romero-Troncoso, R.J., Guevara-González, R.G. and Millan-Almaraz, J.R., “Smart sensor for real-time quantification of common symptoms present in unhealthy plants”, Sensors, 12(1). 784-805. 2012.
 
[55]  Oke, M. and Paliyath, G., “Biochemistry of vegetable processing”, in Food Biochemistry and Food Processing, Hui, Y.H., Ed. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, 2006, 537-554.
 
[56]  Passey, C., “Reducing the dietary acid load: How a more alkaline diet benefits patients with chronic kidney disease”, Journal of Renal Nutrition, 27(3). 151-160. 2017.
 
[57]  Serna-Cock, L., Vargas-Muñoz, D.P. and Rengifo-Guerrero, C.A., “Chemical characterization of the pulp, peel and seeds of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal)”, Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 18(3). 192-198. 2015.
 
[58]  Schulz, M., Borges, G.S.C., Gonzaga, L.V., Seraglio, S.K.T., Olivo, I.S., Azevedo, M.S., Nehring, P., Gois, J.S., Almeida, T.S., Vitali, L., Spudeitet, D.A., Micke, G.A., Borges, D.L.G. and Fett, R., “Chemical composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis Martius) during ripening”, Food Research International, 77(2). 125-131. 2015.
 
[59]  Wall, M.M. and Tripathi, S., “Papaya nutritional analysis”, in Genetics and genomics of papaya, Ray Ming, R. and Moore, P.H., Eds. Springer, New York, 2014, 377-390.
 
[60]  White, P.J., Garrott, R.A., Borkowski, J.J., Berardinelli, J.G., Mertens, D.R. and Pils, A.C., “Diet and nutrition of Central Yellowstone Elk during winter”, in The ecology of large mammals in central Yellowstone: sixteen years of integrated field studies, Garrott, R.A., White, P.J. and Watson, F.G.R., Eds. Elsevier B.V., Cambridge, 2008; Vol. 3, 157-176.
 
[61]  Kûka, M., Èakste, I. and Gerðebeka, E., “Determination of bioactive compounds and mineral substances in Latvian birch and maple saps”, Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences, 67(4-5). 437-441. 2013.
 
[62]  Tsvetkov, S. and Doncheva, S., “Molecular responses of plants to environmental heavy metal contamination: Lead and the use of sunflower in phytoremediation”, Genetics and Plant Physiology, 5(3-4). 201-230. 2015.
 
[63]  Dunn, R.L., Stettler, N. and Mascarenhas, M.R., “Refeeding syndrome in hospitalized pediatric patients”, Nutrition in Clinical Practice , Nutr. 18(4). 327-332. 2003.
 
[64]  Gunst, J. and Van den Berghe, G., “Parenteral nutrition in the critically ill”, Current Opinion in Critical Care, 23(2). 149-158. 2017.
 
[65]  NEPA-UNICAMP. Tabela brasileira de composição de alimentos – TACO (4 ed.), NEPA-UNICAMP, Campinas, 2011.
 
[66]  Adedayo, B.C., Oboh, G., Oyeleye, S.I. and Olasehinde, T.A., “Antioxidant and antihyperglycemic properties of three banana cultivars (Musa spp.)”, Scientifica, 2016. 2016.
 
[67]  Ahmed, S.S., Nur, F., Ullah, M.R., Mamun, A.A. and Khan, M.A.H., “Factors precipitating hypokalemia in diabetic patients: A cross sectional study”, Journal of Enam Medical College, 4(3). 145-150. 2014.
 
[68]  Fainardi, V., Cabassi, A., Carano, N., Rocco, R., Fiaccadori, E., Regolisti, G., Dodi, I. and Rossi, C.D., “Severe hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia presenting with carpopedal spasm associated with rhabdomyolysis”, Acta Bio medica, 85(2). 167-170. 2014.
 
[69]  Celik, M., Ayturk, S., Mert, O., Kucukarda, A., Kurultak, I., Donmez, S., Guldiken, S. and Tugrul, A., “Patient with type 1 distal renal tubular acidosis secondary to Sjogren’s syndrome presented with hypokalemic paralysis”, Journal of Medical Cases, 6(6). 268-270. 2015.
 
[70]  Ennis, E.D. and Kreisberg, R.A., “Diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome”, in Diabetes mellitus: a fundamental and clinical text, LeRoith, D., Taylor, S.I. and Olefsky, J.M., Eds., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000, 336-347.
 
[71]  Fleckman, A.M., “Diabetic ketoacidosis” Endocrinology Metabolism Clinics of North America, 22. 181-207. 1993.
 
[72]  Davis, S.M., Maddux, A.B., Alonso, G.T., Okada, C.R., Mourani, P.M. and Maahs, D.M., “Profound hypokalemia associated with severe diabetic ketoacidosis”, Pediatric Diabetes, 17(1). 61-65. 2016.
 
[73]  D’Alessandro, C., Piccoli, G.B. and Cupisti, A., “The “phosphorus pyramid”: A visual tool for dietary phosphate management in dialysis and CKD patients”, BMC Nephrology, 16(9). 2015.
 
[74]  Hruska, K.A., Sugatani, T., Agapova, O. and Fang, Y., “The chronic kidney disease — mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD): Advances in pathophysiology”, Bone, 100. 80-86. 2017.
 
[75]  Bellasi, A., Cozzolino, M., Adragao, T., Di Iorio, B. and Russo, D. “Phosphate binders in moderate chronic kidney disease: Where do we stand?”, Journal of Nephrology, 26(6). 993-1000. 2013.
 
[76]  Ide, H., Iwase, M., Fujii, H., Ohkuma, T., Kaizu, S., Jodai, T., Kikuchi, Y., Idewaki, Y., Sumi, A., Nakamura, U. and Takanari, K., “Comparison of cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rates for predicting all-cause mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: The Fukuoka diabetes registry”, Clinical and Experimental Nephrology, 21(3). 383-390. 2017.
 
[77]  Li, Z. and Thomas, C., “Multiscale biomechanics of tomato fruits: A review”, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 56(7). 1222-1230. 2016.
 
[78]  Samonte, P.A.L. and Trinidad, T.P., “Dietary fiber, phytonutrients and antioxidant activity of common fruit peels as potential functional food ingredient”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 7. 70-75. 2013.
 
[79]  Grisales, S.O., Restrepo, M.P.V., Cabrera, F.A.V. and García, D.B., “Genetic correlations and path analysis in butternut squash Cucurbita moschata Duch.”, Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, Medellín, 68(1). 7399-7409. 2015.
 
[80]  Diriba-Shiferaw, G., “Garlic nutrient management in Ethiopia—a review”, Journal of Spices & Aromatic Crops, 25(2). 91-103. 2016.
 
[81]  Sousa, J.A. and Maluf, W.R., “Diallel analyses and estimation of genetic parameters of hot pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)”, Scientia Agricola, 60(1). 105-113. 2003.
 
[82]  De Oliveira, J.A.R., Martins, L.H.S., Vasconcelos, M.A.M., Pena, R.S. and Carvalho, A.V., “Physical, physico-chemical and technological potential of camapu fruits (Physalis angulata L.)”, Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Agroindustrial, 05(02). 73-583. 2011.
 
[83]  Silva, P.A. and Melo, C., “Foraging of the golden-capped parakeet (Aratinga auricapillus) in an anthropogenic landscape in Brazil”, Ornitologia Neotropical, 24(1). 55-66. 2013.
 
[84]  Nørrelund, H., Nair, K.S., Nielsen, S., Frystyk, J., Ivarsen, P., Jørgensen, J.O.L., Christiansen, J.S. and Møller, N., “The decisive role of free fatty acids for protein conservation during fasting in humans with and without growth hormone”, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88(9). 4371-4378. 2003.
 
[85]  Gangadharan, A., Choi, S.E., Hassan, A., Ayoub, N.M., Durante, G., Balwani, S., Kim, Y.H., Pecora, A., Goy, A. and Suh, K.S., “Protein calorie malnutrition, nutritional intervention, and personalized cancer care”, Oncotarget, 8(14). 24009-24030. 2017.
 
[86]  Driscoll, D.F., Ling, P.-R., Andersson, C. and Bistrian, B.R., “Hepatic indicators of oxidative stress and tissue damage accompanied by systemic inflammation in rats following a 24-hour infusion of an unstable lipid emulsion admixture”, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 33(3). 327-335. 2009.
 
[87]  Hernández, E.A., Kahl, S., Seelig, A., Begovatz, P., Irmler, M., Kupriyanova, Y., Nowotny, B., Nowotny, P., Herder, C., Barosa, C., Carvalho, F., Rozman, J., Neschen, S., Jones, J.G., Beckers, J., De Angelis, M.H. and Roden, M., “Acute dietary fat intake initiates alterations in energy metabolism and insulin resistance”, The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 127(2). 695-708. 2017.
 
[88]  Coulston, A.M., “The role of dietary fats in plant-based diets”, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(3). 512S-515S. 1999.
 
[89]  Hii, C.L. and Ogugo, J.F., “Effect of pre-treatment on the drying kinetics and product quality of star fruit slices”, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 9(1). 123-135. 2014.
 
[90]  Devalaraja, S., Jain, S. and Yadav, H., “Exotic fruits as therapeutic complements for diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome”, Food Research International, 44(7). 1856-1865. 2011.
 
[91]  Assis, S.A., Vellosa, J.C.R., Brunetti, I.L., Khalil, N.M., Leite, K.M.S.C., Martins, A.B.G. and Oliveira, O.M.M.F., “Antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, and total phenol of exotic fruits occurring in Brazil”, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 60(5). 439-448. 2009.
 
[92]  Pingali, P., Ricketts, K.D. and Sahn, D.E., “Agriculture for nutrition: Getting policies right”, in The fight against hunger and malnutrition: the role of food, agriculture, and targeted policies, Sahn, D., Ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015, 165-191.
 
[93]  Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary (27 ed.), Taylor, E.J., Anderson, D.M., Patwell, J.M., Plaut, K., McCullough, K., Eds., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1985.
 
Manuscript template