Haematology and Growth Study of Albino Rats Fed Varying Inclusions of Cooked Canavalia Plagiosperma Piper Seed Meal Based-Diets

Alagbaoso S.O^1, , Nwosu J.N.¹, Njoku N.E.¹, Okoye E.C.², Eluchie C.N.¹ and Agunwa I.M¹

¹Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State

²Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Cite this paper:
Alagbaoso S.O, Nwosu J.N., Njoku N.E., Okoye E.C., Eluchie C.N. and Agunwa I.M. Haematology and Growth Study of Albino Rats Fed Varying Inclusions of Cooked Canavalia Plagiosperma Piper Seed Meal Based-Diets. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2017; 5(9):649-658. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-5-9-4

Abstract

The haematology and growth study of albino rats fed varying inclusions of cooked canavalia plagiosperma piper seed meal based diets was studied. Raw seeds of Canavalia plagiosperma (Oblique-seeded Jack bean) were cooked (50 minutes). Toxicity study was carried out on the seed during which albino rats were used. Haematological studies were carried out on the blood samples of the albino rats as well as the growth performances of the rats fed the prepared diets were also analyzed. The result of the proximate composition of diets showed that ash, moisture, fat and total energy showed a significant increasing effect (P≤0.05) as the concentration of the processed sample increases in the feed mix, whereas, a significant decreasing effect (P≥0.05) was observed on protein, carbohydrate and crude fibre as the concentration of the cooked seed increases in the feed mix. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) study showed that 75:25 blends of cooked - to - control were considered as intermediate quality seed protein whereas 50:50, 75:25 blends of cooked - to - control feed mix as well as the control diet posses’ protein with good quality. The Haematological studies showed specific and selective effect on some albino rats’ blood samples which has the ability to cause thromboembolism, hyposplenism and thrombocytosis with possible vascular accidents at higher ratio.

Keywords:
canavalia plagiosperma piper heamatological parameters cooking proximate protein efficiency ratio

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Akinmutimi, A.H. (2004). Evaluation of Sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) as an alternative feed resources for broiler chickens. PhD Thesis Department of Non-ruminant animal production, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria.
[2]	Odeyemi, O.O., Yakubu, M.T., Masika, P.J. and Afolayan, A.J. (2009). Toxicological evaluation of the essential oil from Mentha Longifolia L Suosp. Capensis Leaves in rats. J. Med. Food (12(3): 669-674.
[3]	Esonu, B.O., Anumni, P.E., Udedibie, A.B.I., Emenalom, O.O., Etuk, B., Odoemelam, V. and Okorie, K.C. (2013). Evaluation of Two- Stage cooked Canavalia plagiosperma (piper) seed meal as feed ingredient in layer Diets. Nigerian journal of Animal Science 15: 95-103.
[4]	Moreina, R.A., Cordeiro, E.F., Cavada, B.S., Nunes, E.D., Fernerndes, A.G. and Oliveine, J.T.A. (1993). Plant Seed Lectins. A possible marker for Chemotaxonomy of the qenus Canavalia. R. Bras. Veg. Brazil. 127-132.
[5]	Odoemelam, V.U. (2007). Proximate Composition, anti-nutritional properties and mineral assay of raw and processed Canavalia plagiosperma seed. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Animal Production and Management, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
[6]	Esonu, B.O. (2009). Unconventional Feed resource for Livestock development and food security, paradigms from Nigerian livestock Industry. 14th Inaugural Lecture of Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Delivered on Wednesday 24th of June, 2009.
[7]	Udedibie, A.B.I., Esonu, B.O. and Agbabiaka, L.A. (2000). Comparative performance of broilers fed diets containing differentially processed Jack bean meals. NPSJ. I: 32-41.
[8]	Alagbaoso, S.O., Nwosu, J.N., Agunwa, I.M.,Njoku, N.E., Akajiaku, L.O. and Eluchie, C.N. (2016). Effect of Some Thermal Processing Techniques on the Anti- nutritional Factors of Canavalia plagiosperma Piper Seeds. American Journal of Food Science and Technology. Vol. 4, No. 1, 7-13.
[9]	A.O.A.C. (2000). Official methods of analysis 17th edn. Association of Official Analysis Chemist (A.O.A.C) International, Gaithersburg, M.D.
[10]	Onuh, M.O. and Igwemma, A.A. (2000). Applied Statistical techniques for Business and Basic Sciences. Skillmark Media Ltd. Owerri, Imo State. Pp. 176-190, 205-215, 322-338.
[11]	Aruah, B.C, Uguru, M.I, and Oyiga, B.C (2012). Genetic variability and interrelationship among some Nigerian pumpkin accessions (Curcurbitassp). Plant Breeding. Int. J. (6): 34-41.
[12]	Enwereuzoh, R.O., Okafor, D.C., Uzoukwu, A.E., Ukanwoke, M.O., Nwakaudu, A.A and Uyanwa, C.N (2015). Flavour extraction from Monodora myristica and Tetrapleura tetraptera and production of flavoured popcorn from the extract. European Journal of Food Science and Technology. Vol.3, no 2, 1.17.
[13]	Alagbaoso, S.O., Nwosu, J.N., Njoku, N.E., Ojukwu, M., Okafor, D.C. and Eluchie, C.N. (2015). Growth performance and haematology of albino rats fed varying inclusions of autoclaved canavalia plagiosperma piper seed meal based-diets. American Journal Of Food And Nutrition (AJFN). 5(2): 35-48.
[14]	Effiong, G.S., Ibia, I.O. and Udofia, U.S (2009). Nutritive and energy values of some wild fruit spices in Southeastern Nigeria. Electronic Journal of Environment, Agriculture and food chemistry. 8(10); 917-923.
[15]	Lewis, S.M., Bain, J.B. and Bates, I. (2006). Practical Haematology (10th ed.) Elsevier Ltd, Sriniwaspuri, New Delhi, India. Pp. 29-58, 131-160, 609-624.
[16]	Gupta, V., Modgil, R. and Kalia, M. (2005). Effect of domestic processing on the Invivo protein quality of faba bean (Vicia faba).Journal of Food Science and Technology 42, 501-503.
[17]	Saharan, K. and Khetarpaul, N. (1994). Protein quality traits of vegetable and field peas: Varietal differences. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 45, 11-22.
[18]	Pugalenthi, M., Vadivel, V. and Janak, P. (2007). Comparative evaluation of protein quality of raw and differentially processed seeds of an underutilized food legumes, (Abrus precatorius L) livestock Research for Rural Development Article No. 168. Available in the online website. http://www.lrrd.Org/lrrd19/11/puga19168.htm.
[19]	Sagarbieri, U.C. (1989). Composition and nutritive value of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) W/d Review in Nutrition and Dietetics 60, 132-186.
[20]	Fernandez, M., Lopez-Jurado, M., Aranda, P. and Urbano, G. (1996). Nutritional assessment of raw and processed faba bean (Vicia faba l) Cultivar Major in growing rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44, 2766-2772.
[21]	Friedman, M. (1996). Nutritional value of proteins from different food sources. A review: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44, 6-29.
[22]	Adeneye, A.A., Ajagbonna, O.P. and Bello, S.O. (2006). Preliminary toxicity and Phytochemical studies of the stem bark aqueous extract of musanga cecropioides in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 105(3): 373-379.
[23]	Ajayi, I.A., Oderinde, R.A., Ogunkoya, B.O., Egunyomi, A. and Taiwo, V.O (2005). Chemical Analysis and Preliminary toxicological evaluation of Garcinia Mangostana seeds and seed oil. Food and Chemical Toxicology 32: 999-1014.
[24]	Akinnawo, O.O., Abatam, M.O. and Ketiku, A.O. (2002). Toxicological study on the edible larva of Cirina forda (west wood). African Journal of Biomedical Research 5: 43-46.
[25]	American Diabetes Association, (2000). Nutrition Recommendation and Principles for Diabetes mellitus, Clinical Practice recommendations. Diabetes Care 23: 543-546.
[26]	Young, N. S. and Mecie-Jewski. (1997). The path physiology of Acquired A Plastic anemia. New Eng. Journal of Medicine 336; 1365.
[27]	Hoffbrand, A.V., Pettit, J.E., and Moss, P.A.H. (2004). Essential Haematology (4th ed.) Blackwell Science Ltd, Massach-Usetts, USA.
[28]	Osigwe, D.C., Obiekezie, A.I. and Onuoha, G.C. (2005). Some haematological changes in hybrid catfish (Heterobranchus longifilis X Clarias gariepinus) fed different dietary levels of raw and boiled jackbean(Canavalia ensiiformiis) seed meal. African journal of Biotechnology 4; 1017-1021.
[29]	Aboderin, F.I. and Oyetayo, V.O. (2006). Haematological Studies of rats fed different doses of probiotic, Lactobacillus Plantarum, Isolated from fermenting Corn Slurry. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 5(2): 102-105.
[30]	Campbell, T.W. (1996). Clinical Pathology In: Mader DR (ed) Reptile Medicine and Surgery. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A. Pp 248-257.
[31]	Palani, S., Senthilkumar, B., Praveen, R., Kumar, P., Devi, K., Venkatesan, D. and Sathendra, E.R. (2009). Effect of the ethanolic extract of indigofera barberi (L) in acute acetaminophen – Induced nephrotoxic rats. Advanced Biotechnlogy 25: 28-31.