Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
ISSN (Print): 2333-1119 ISSN (Online): 2333-1240 Website: https://www.sciepub.com/journal/jfnr Editor-in-chief: Prabhat Kumar Mandal
Open Access
Journal Browser
Go
Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2023, 11(11), 678-682
DOI: 10.12691/jfnr-11-11-3
Open AccessArticle

Nutrient Composition of Chia Genotypes Cultivated in Different Environments of Central Malawi

Dickson Sithole1, , Moses F. A. Maliro1, Kingsley Masamba1 and Patson C. Nalivata1

1Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi

Pub. Date: November 21, 2023

Cite this paper:
Dickson Sithole, Moses F. A. Maliro, Kingsley Masamba and Patson C. Nalivata. Nutrient Composition of Chia Genotypes Cultivated in Different Environments of Central Malawi. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2023; 11(11):678-682. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-11-11-3

Abstract

Chia has been reported to have wide nutrient and health benefits. Its nutrient composition has however been reported to be affected by genotype and environment in which it has been grown. This study therefore aimed at assessing the nutrient composition of the genotypes that are currently being grown in Malawi and the effects of environment on nutrient composition. Results showed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the genotypes within the trial site, however, the significant differences (p < .001) were observed across the environments. This affirms what other studies have reported.

Keywords:
Chia Salvia hispanica L. genotypes agro-ecological zones proteins fat content minerals

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]  G. M. Trovato, “Behavior, nutrition and lifestyle in a comprehensive health and disease paradigm: skills and knowledge for a predictive, preventive and personalized medicine,” EPMA J., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2012.
 
[2]  K.-K. Ashura, D. K. Lillian, K. Oscar, and M. P. R. Leonard, “Nutritional, health benefits and usage of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica): A review,” African J. Food Sci., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 48–59, Feb. 2021.
 
[3]  L. A. Berner, D. R. Keast, R. L. Bailey, and J. T. Dwyer, “Fortified foods are major contributors to nutrient intakes in diets of US children and adolescents,” J. Acad. Nutr. Diet., vol. 114, no. 7, 2014.
 
[4]  F. J. Chadare et al., “Conventional and food-to-food fortification: An appraisal of past practices and lessons learned,” Food Sci. Nutr., vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 2781–2795, 2019.
 
[5]  B. Kulczyński, J. Kobus-Cisowska, M. Taczanowski, D. Kmiecik, and A. Gramza-Michałowska, “The chemical composition and nutritional value of chia seeds—current state of knowledge,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 6. MDPI AG, Jun. 01, 2019.
 
[6]  B. de Falco, M. Amato, and V. Lanzotti, “Chia seeds products: an overview,” Phytochemistry Reviews, vol. 16, no. 4. Springer Netherlands, pp. 745–760, Aug. 01, 2017.
 
[7]  D. Orona-Tamayo, M. E. Valverde, and O. Paredes-López, “Chia-The New Golden Seed for the 21st Century: Nutraceutical Properties and Technological Uses,” Sustain. Protein Sources, pp. 265–281, 2017.
 
[8]  R. Ayerza, “The Seed’s protein and oil content, fatty acid composition, and growing cycle length of a single genotype of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) as affected by environmental factors,” J. Oleo Sci., vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 347–554, 2009.
 
[9]  Y. Ding et al., “Nutritional composition in the chia seed and its processing properties on restructured ham-like products,” J. Food Drug Anal., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 124–134, 2018.
 
[10]  D. M. Kathabwalika, E. H. C. Chilembwe, V. M. Mwale, D. Kambewa, and J. P. Njoloma, “International Research Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science,” Int. Res. J. Agric. Soil Sci., vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 383–392, 2013.
 
[11]  H. Rybak-Chmielewska, “Honey,” Chem. Funct. Prop. Food Saccharides, vol. 1, no. Volume 1, pp. 73–80, 2003.
 
[12]  AOAC, “AOACAOAC. (2008). AOAC Official Method 999.10 Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Cooper, and Iron in Foods. AOAC, 1–3. https://img.21food.cn/img/biaozhun/ 20100108/177/11285281.pdf Official Method 999.10 Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Cooper, and Iron in Foods,” Aoac, pp. 1–3, 2008, [Online]. Available: https://img.21food.cn/img/ biaozhun/20100108/177/11285281.pdf.
 
[13]  R. Ayerza, “Effects of seed color and growing locations on fatty acid content and composition of two chia (Salvia hispanica L.) genotypes,” JAOCS, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., vol. 87, no. 10, pp. 1161–1165, 2010.
 
[14]  R. Ayerza and W. Coates, “Composition of chia (Salvia hispanica) grown in six tropical and subtropical ecosystems of South America,” Trop. Sci., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 131–135, 2004.
 
[15]  C. Silva, C.; Garcia, V.A.S.; Zanette, “Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) oil extraction using different organic solvents: Oil yield, fatty acids profile and technological analysis of defatted mea,” Int. Food Res., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 998–1004, 2016.
 
[16]  S. J. Grimes, T. D. Phillips, V. Hahn, F. Capezzone, and S. Graeff-Hönninger, “Growth, yield performance and quality parameters of three early flowering chia (Salvia hispanica l.) genotypes cultivated in southwestern germany,” Agric., vol. 8, no. 10, Oct. 2018.
 
[17]  M. Amato et al., “Nutritional quality of seeds and leaf metabolites of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) from Southern Italy,” Eur. Food Res. Technol., vol. 241, no. 5, pp. 615–625, 2015.
 
[18]  R. Ayerza h and W. Coates, “Protein content, oil content and fatty acid profiles as potential criteria to determine the origin of commercially grown chia (Salvia hispanica L.),” Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1366–1371, 2011.
 
[19]  S. L. Kochhar and S. K. Gujral, Plant Physiology Theory and Applications. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.com.my/books? hl=en&lr=&id=EIJ8DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Plant+Physiology,+Development+and+Metabolism& ots=PwDtIab1Dk&sig=wzTjviKYV4byLd3EanDPsoFhXrQ&redir_esc=y#v= onepage&q=Plant Physiology%2C Development and Metabolism&f=false.
 
[20]  L. Taiz, E. Zeiger, I. M. Møller, and A. Murphy, Plant physiology and development:6th revised edition. 2014.
 
[21]  M. Win, S. Nakasathien, and E. Sarobol, “Effects of phosphorus on seed Oil and protein contents and phosphorus use efficiency in some soybean varieties,” Kasetsart J. - Nat. Sci., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2010.
 
[22]  L. A. Muñoz, A. Cobos, O. Diaz, and J. M. Aguilera, “Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica): An Ancient Grain and a New Functional Food,” Food Rev. Int., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 394–408, 2013.
 
[23]  M. E. Rosas-Mendoza, J. Coria-Hernández, R. Meléndez-Pérez, and J. Luis Arjona-Román, “Characteristics of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed oil extracted by ultrasound assistance,” J. Mex. Chem. Soc., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 326–335, 2017.
 
[24]  M. Silveira Coelho and M. de las Mercedes Salas-Mellado, “Chemical Characterization of CHIA (Salvia hispanica L.) for Use in Food Products,” J. Food Nutr. Res., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 263–269, May 2014.
 
[25]  R. Ayerza (h) and W. Coates, “Influence of environment on growing period and yield, protein, oil and α-linolenic content of three chia (Salvia hispanica L.) selections,” Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 321–324, Sep. 2009.
 
[26]  M. Silveira Coelho and M. de las Mercedes Salas-Mellado, “Chemical Characterization of CHIA (Salvia hispanica L.) for Use in Food Products,” J. Food Nutr. Res., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 263–269, 2014.
 
[27]  J. Matías, M. J. Rodríguez, S. Granado-Rodríguez, V. Cruz, P. Calvo, and M. Reguera, “Changes in Quinoa Seed Fatty Acid Profile Under Heat Stress Field Conditions,” Front. Nutr., vol. 9, no. March, pp. 1–13, 2022.
 
[28]  Y. Gordeyeva and N. Shestakova, “The influence of agroclimatic factors on the formation of oil content in flax seeds in the north of Kazakhstan,” J. Ecol. Eng., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 102–105, 2018.
 
[29]  M. R. Segura-Campos, N. Ciau-Solís, G. Rosado-Rubio, L. Chel-Guerrero, and D. Betancur-Ancona, “Physicochemical characterization of chia (&lt;i&gt;Salvia hispanica&lt;/i&gt;) seed oil from Yucat& #225;n, M&#233; xico,” Agric. Sci., vol. 05, no. 03, pp. 220–226, 2014.
 
[30]  N. Zisko et al., “Meso level influences on long term condition self-management: stakeholder accounts of commonalities and differences across six European countries,” PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 3, 2015.
 
[31]  J. Silva and R. Uchida, “Essential Nutrients for Plant Growth :,” Plant Nutr. Manag. Hawaii’s Soils, Approaches Trop. Subtrop. Agric., pp. 31–55, 2000.
 
[32]  K. Njira and J. Nabwami, “A REVIEW OF EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT ELEMENTS ON CROP QUALITY,” no. January 2015, 2019.
 
[33]  Win, A. N., Xue, Y., Chen, B., Liao, F., Chen, F., Yin, N., Mei, F., Wang, B., Shi, X., He, Y., & Chai, Y. (2018). Chia (Salvia hispanica) experiment at a 30˚ N site in Sichuan Basin, China. Ciencia Rural, 48(9).