The Relationship of Pharmacotherapy on Body Composition and Nutrition in Depressed Patients

Lucyna Ostrowska¹, Magdalena Lech^{1, 2,} , Ewa Stefańska¹, Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda², Barbara Pietraszewska¹ and Napoleon Waszkiewicz²

¹Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland

²Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland

Cite this paper:
Lucyna Ostrowska, Magdalena Lech, Ewa Stefańska, Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda, Barbara Pietraszewska and Napoleon Waszkiewicz. The Relationship of Pharmacotherapy on Body Composition and Nutrition in Depressed Patients. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2020; 8(8):410-416. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-8-8-4

Abstract

Depression is recognized as one of the major mental illnesses. It often coexists with obesity, insulin resistance and related dietary conditions. There are many underlying causes of these conditions and one of them can be pharmacotherapy, used to treat depression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of pharmacotherapy on body composition of patients suffering from depression and the quantity and quality of food consumed by these individuals. This study involved 107 depressed patients, 32 of which were men treated with SSRI’s and SNRI’s and 75 were women treated with SNRI’s, NaSSA’s and SSRI’s. The test group was divided according to gender and the type of pharmacotherapy. The control group included 42 men and 62 women without any psychiatric treatment. All participants completed a questionnaire concerning their current diet and relevant medical history. Body composition was analysed using the BIA method. Data were analysed using Chi squared, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman's rank correlation, where appropriate. Evaluation of the diet of depressed patients did not show any significant deviation from the recommended norms for consumption and the diet of the control group. However, in the group of men, BMI levels, waist circumference and SAT fatty tissue content depended on the calorific content of the diet and nutrient supply which correlated with SNRI treatment. In the group of women, treatment had little effect on calorific content of the chosen diet and nutrient intake, although significant differences in body composition were found, mainly among patients treated with NaSSA. Increased content of adipose tissue or higher BMI in men treated with SSRI’s may suggest that pharmacotherapy has a significant impact on the development of obesity and its complications in depressed individuals.

Keywords:
depression obesity pharmacotherapy used in depression adipose tissue

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