Food Profiles and Exposure to Acute Malnutrition among Children Under-five in the Department of Mayo-Danay, Cameroon

Sobze Sanou Martin¹, Bita Andre Izacar Gaël^{1, 2,} , Djeunang Dongho Ghyslaine Bruna³, Sieleunou Isidore⁴ and Nkengfack Nembongwe Germaine Sylvie¹

¹Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

²Action pour la Sante et l’Education (ASEd), Bengbis, Cameroun

³Faculty of Science and Technology, Evangelical University of Cameroon, Mbouo-Bandjoun, Cameroon

⁴Research for Development International (R4D International), Yaoundé, Cameroun

Cite this paper:
Sobze Sanou Martin, Bita Andre Izacar Gaël, Djeunang Dongho Ghyslaine Bruna, Sieleunou Isidore and Nkengfack Nembongwe Germaine Sylvie. Food Profiles and Exposure to Acute Malnutrition among Children Under-five in the Department of Mayo-Danay, Cameroon. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2019; 7(11):759-765. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-7-11-1

Abstract

Malnutrition is a major public health issue in Cameroon. Objective. Measure the food profile association with the nutritional status of children of the Mayo-Danay Division. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study based on 433 children aged 6-59 months from a stratified two-level random sampling design was used. The nutritional status of children was evaluated according to WHO standards (2006). Food profile was estimated from the dietary diversity score (DDS) using the 24-hour recall method. Anthropometric data were analyzed using ENA for SMART and statistical tests were performed using Epi Info 7. A confidence interval of 95% and a P-value <5% were considered significant. Results: Out of of 433 children recruited, 50.8% were female and 49.2% male. The Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) was at 4.2% with 3.0% being the moderate form and 1.2% the severe form. One hundred (23.2%) children were chronic malnourished, with 7.0% as moderate chronic undernourished form and 16.2% as severe chronic undernourished. Sixty out of 432 (13.9%) were underweight, of which 11.1% as moderate form and 2.8% as severe form. Cereals-roots-tubers consumption was at 98.9% and 48.8% of the children had received three meals during the past 24 hours. According to the DDS, 48.4% against 51.6% had a diet not diversified and twice exposed to the GAM than those with a diversified diet (OR = 2.891; P - value = 0 .0386). Conclusion This study confirms the impact of food diversification on acute malnutrition among children under-five years. We recommend the promotion of diversification of foods available in the Mayo-Danay Division.

Keywords:
dietary diversity food profile malnutrition children under-five Cameroon

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Institut National de la Statistique (INS) et ICF. International. Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples du Cameroun 2011. Calverton, Maryland, USA, INS et ICF International. 2012.
[2]	MINSANTE, UNICEF. Enquête nutritionnelle et de mortalité rétrospective basée sur la méthodologie SMART dans les 4 régions du Cameroun (SMART 2013) : EN, NO, AD et EST. Ministère de la sante publique, Cameroun, 2013. p49.
[3]	MINSANTE, UNICEF. Enquête nutritionnelle et de mortalité rétrospective basée sur la méthodologie SMART dans les 4 régions du Cameroun (SMART 2014) : EN, NO, AD et EST., 2014. Ministère de la santé publique, Cameroun, 2015 ; P60.
[4]	Baba T., Keffing D., et Sadio T. Analyse des causes de la malnutrition dans trois pays du Sahel à travers les données des enquêtes démographiques et de santé : Rapport de recherche. Sahel Institute, Département Études et recherches en population et développement ; ISBN 9782912693563, 2008 ; p65-72.
[5]	OMS. Promouvoir une alimentation appropriée pour les nourrissons et les jeunes enfants. WHO, 2014. Available : http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/infantfeeding/fr/ [23/08/2018].
[6]	Nestlé Nutrition Institution. Les 1000 premiers jours. France; Available: https://www.nestlenutrition-institute.org/country/fr/librairie/1000-premiers-jours [13/09/2018].
[7]	World Health Organization. Indicators for Assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices. Part 1: Definitions. Geneva: WHO; 2008. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596664_eng.pdf [/09/2018].
[8]	Organisation Panaméricaine de la Sante. Principes directeur pour l’alimentation complémentaire de l’enfant allaite au sein. World Health Organisation, Geneva: WHO; ISBN 92 75 224609, 2003; 37p.
[9]	OMS. Alimentation complémentaire. World Health Organization, 2014. Available: http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/complementary_feeding/fr/. [13/09/2018].
[10]	P NguetseTegoum. Cartographie de la pauvrete au Cameroun. Institut National de la Statistique (INS) & Bureau Central des Recensement et Etudes de Populations (BUCREP); 2013.
[11]	Swindale A et Bilinsky P. Score de Diversité alimentaire des Ménages (SDAM) pour la mesure de l’accès alimentaire des Ménages: Guide d’indicateurs. Washington, D.C.: FHI 360/FANTA. 2006; 17p
[12]	OMS, Indicateurs pour évaluer les pratiques d’alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant partie : Calculs. Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, 20 avenue Appia, 1211 Genève 27 (Suisse), ISBN 978 92 4 259929 9, 2011; 96p. Available : http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44767/1/9789242599299_fre.pdf. [13/09/2018].
[13]	OMS, 2007. Indicateur pour évaluer les pratiques d’alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant: conclusion d’une réunion de consensus du 6 au 8 novembre 2007. Organisation Mondiale de la Sante, Washington, D.C., USA; 2007.
[14]	OMS. Normes OMS de croissance de l’enfant. Longueur/taille pour l’âge, poids pour l’âge, poids pour la longueur, poids pour la taille, et indice de Quételet pour l’âge: Méthode et élaboration. Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Département de nutrition, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Genève 27, Suisse; 2006; p5.
[15]	Bloss E., Wainaina F., Bailey R.C. Prevalence and predictors of underweight, stunting, and wasting among children aged 5 and under in western Kenya. J Trop Pediatr. 2004 Oct; 50(5): 260-70.
[16]	Sakisaka K, Wakai S, Kuroiwa C, Cuadra Flores L, Kai I, Mercedes Aragon M, Hanada K. Nutritional status and associated factors in children aged 0-23 months in Granada, Nicaragua. Public Health 2006; 120: 400-411.
[17]	Wamani H, Astrom AN, Peterson S, Tumwine JK, Tylleskar T. Boys are more stunted than girls in Sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis of 16 demographic and health surveys. BMC Pediatrics 2007, 7:17.
[18]	Semba RD, de Pee S, Sun K, Sari M, Akhter N, Bloem MW. Effect of parental formal education on risk of child stunting in Indonesia and Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 2008; 371: 322-28.
[19]	FOFIRI NZOSSIE E.J. Les determinants de l'offre alimentaire vivriere dans les villes du Nord Cameroun. Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du Doctorat Ph/D de Géographie Option: Géographie Economique; Universite de Ngaoundere, Cameroun, Ngaoundere; 2010; p432
[20]	Ngo Um-Sap S, Mbassi Awa H, Hott O, Tchendjou P, Womga A, Tanya A, Koki Ndombo P., 2013. Feeding practices in 6-to-24-month-old children in Yaoundé, Cameroon: relationship with their nutritional status. [Article in French]; Arch Pediatr. 2014 Jan; 21(1): 27-33.
[21]	Institut National de la Statistique. Enquête par grappes à indicateurs multiples (MICS5), 2014, Rapport Final. Yaoundé, Cameroun, Institut National de la Statistique; p504.
[22]	White JM, Bégin F, Kumapley R, Murray C, Krasevec J. Complementary feeding practices: Current global and regional estimates. Matern Child Nutr. 2017 Oct; 13 Suppl 2.
[23]	Solomon D, Aderaw Z, Tegegne TK. Minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Equity Health. 2017 Oct 12; 16(1): 181.
[24]	Bita A.I.G. Analyse des déterminants de la malnutrition chez les enfants de moins cinq dans le Département du Mayo Danay. Mémoire présenté pour l’obtention du Master 2. Université de Dsachang, Cameroun, Dschang. 2015; 101p.
[25]	Mahmudiono T, Sumarmi S, Rosenkranz RR. Household dietary diversity and child stunting in East Java, Indonesia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2017 Mar; 26(2): 317-325.
[26]	Busert LK, Neuman M, Rehfuess EA, Dulal S, Harthan J, Chaube SS, Bhandari B, Costello H, Costello A, Manandhar DS, Saville NM. Dietary Diversity Is Positively Associated with Deviation from Expected Height in Rural Nepal. J Nutr. 2016 Jul; 146(7):1387-93.