American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture
ISSN (Print): 2328-398X ISSN (Online): 2328-3998 Website: https://www.sciepub.com/journal/ajcea Editor-in-chief: Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal
Open Access
Journal Browser
Go
American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2023, 11(2), 52-63
DOI: 10.12691/ajcea-11-2-4
Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Effect of Changes in the Distribution of Particle Size Fractions on the Mechanical Properties of the Lateritic Gravelly-limestone (0/31.5) Mixture

Sorel Gael Dzaba Dzoualou1, Louis Ahouet1, 2, , Sylvain Ndinga Okina1, 3 and Mang Egrik P. W. O. Nkembo1

1Higher National Polytechnic School (ENSP), Marien Ngouabi University-Brazzaville –Congo

2Higher Institute of Architecture, Urbanism, Building and Public Works, Denis Sassou Nguesso University, Congo;Control Office for Building and Public Works (BCBTP) – Brazzaville, BP 752, Congo

3Higher Institute of Architecture, Urbanism, Building and Public Works, Denis Sassou Nguesso University, Congo

Pub. Date: May 21, 2023

Cite this paper:
Sorel Gael Dzaba Dzoualou, Louis Ahouet, Sylvain Ndinga Okina and Mang Egrik P. W. O. Nkembo. Evaluation of the Effect of Changes in the Distribution of Particle Size Fractions on the Mechanical Properties of the Lateritic Gravelly-limestone (0/31.5) Mixture. American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2023; 11(2):52-63. doi: 10.12691/ajcea-11-2-4

Abstract

This work evaluates the effect of adding limestone (corrector) to lateritic gravelly on the granulometric fractions of the mixtures in the process of modifying the mechanical properties. The lateritic gravelly - limestone couple does not obey the law of mixtures. The optimal mixture is obtained by adding 30 % by weight of the corrector to obtain a mixture with unmeasurable clay, silt (4.25 %) and sand (19.47 %) contents. The results obtained show that from 15-30% by weight of the corrector, the compressive strength, elastic modulus, CBR and maximum dry density increase and the use properties are improved. From 30-40% by weight of the corrector with sand fraction SF (19.47-21.09%) in the mixture, the mechanical properties decrease. The addition of the corrector (15-40%) decreases the clay (5.18-1.68%) and silt (14.09-0.67) fractions, while the sand fraction (12.93-21.09%) increases by 63.11%. The increase of the sand fraction by 50.58% decreases the plasticity index by 77.16%. For a sand fraction SF (50.58-63.11%), the plasticity index is not measurable and the sand equivalent SE (32.5-35%) of the mixture increases by 7.69%. Increasing the sand fraction causes the compaction curves (Proctor) to flatten and the optimum moisture content to decrease. There is a negative correlation between compressive strength and strain at failure. Mixes containing 15-25% and 30-40% of the corrector can be used as a base layer for T1 < (5.105) and T1-T2 (5.105 - 1.5.106) traffic respectively, in terms of the cumulative number of passes of a 13T equivalent axle.

Keywords:
lateritic gravelly geotechnical particle size fraction mechanical properties of soil optimization of mixture

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]  Lombard J., O. Ninot. (2010). . BAGF, Geographies. Bulletin of the Association of French Geographers, 2010 - persee.fr.
 
[2]  C.E.B.T.P (1984): Practical guide to pavement design for tropical countries, French Ministry of Cooperation.
 
[3]  Georges Jeuffroy, “Design and Construction of Pavements - Volume II”. Materials, equipment, techniques for carrying out the work. E. Eyrolles 1985.
 
[4]  Louis Ahouet, Raymond Gentil Elenga, Stévyna Bouyila, Mondésir Ngoulou, Eric Kengue (2019). Improvement of the geotechnical properties of lateritic gravel by adding crushed alluvial gravel 0/31,5. Revue RAMRes – Applied and Engineering Sciences. V 3(1), pp. 1-6. http://publication.lecames.org.
 
[5]  Raymond G. Elenga, Louis Ahouet, Mondésir Ngoulou, Stévina Bouyila, Guy F. Dirras, Eric Kengué (2019). Improvement of an Alluvial Gravel Geotechnical Properties with a Clayey Soil for the Road Construction. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 16(4): 135-139.
 
[6]  A.A.A. Molenaara. Durable and Sustainable Road Constructions for Developing Countries. Procedia Engineering 54 (2013) 69-81. The 2 nd International Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in Civil Engineering.
 
[7]  G. Cocks, Keeley, R., Leek, C., Foley, P., Bond, T., Crey, A., Paige-Green, P., Emery, S., Clayton, R., Iness, Mc D., Les Marchant. The use of naturally occurring materials for pavements in western australia. Austalian Geomechanics, 30, 1, 2015.
 
[8]  Weinert, H. H. The natural road construction materials of South Africa. Academica, Pretoria, Cape Town, 1980. .
 
[9]  Nwaiwu, C.M.O., Alkali, I.B.K. & Ahmed, U.A. Properties of Ironstone Lateritic Gravels in Relation to Gravel Road Pavement Construction. Geotech Geol Eng 24, 283-298 (2006).
 
[10]  Zolfeghari Fara, S.Y., Kassimb, K. A., Eisazadehb, A., Kharib, M. An Evaluation of the Tropical Soils Subjected Physicochemical Stabilization for Remote Rural Roads. Procedia Engineering 54, 2013.
 
[11]  M Fall (1993). Identification and mechanical characterization of lateritic gravels from Senegal: Application to roads.
 
[12]  Quadri1, H. A., Adeyemi1, O. A., Olafusi, O. S. (2012). Investigation of the geotechnical engineering properties of laterite as a subgrade and base material for road constructions in Nigeria, Civil and Environmental Research, 2, Vol.8, 2012.
 
[13]  Onana, V. L., Ngo’o Ze, A., Medjo Eko, R., Ntouala, R. F. D., Nanga Bineli, M. T., Ngono Owoudou, B., Ekodeck, G. E. (2017). Geological identification, geotechnical and mechanical characterization of charnockite-derived lateritic gravels from Southern Cameroon for road construction purposes,Transportation Geotechnics, 10, 2017.
 
[14]  Marie Thérèse Marame Mbengue, Abdou Lawane Gana, Adamah Messan, Anne Pantet (2022). Geotechnical and Mechanical Characterization of Lateritic Soil Improved with Crushed Granite.
 
[15]  Ndiaye Massamba, Magnan Jean-Pierre, Cissé Lamine (2022). Lithostabilization studies of laterite with dolerite from Mansadala (South-East of Senegal) for use in pavement base courses. ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences.
 
[16]  Souley Issiakou M., Saiyouri N., Anguy Y., Gaborieau C., Fabre R. (2015). Study of lateritic materials used in road construction in Niger: improvement method. 33rd Meeting of AUGC, ISABTP/UPPA, Anglet, 27 - 29 May 2015.
 
[17]  NF P 11-300 (1992) French Standard. Construction of Earthworks - Classification of Materials for Use in the Construction of Embankments and Subgrades of Road Infrastructure.
 
[18]  Chrétien, M., Fabre, R., Denis, A. and Marache, A. (2007) Search for Optimal Geotechnical Identification Parameters for a Classification of Soils Susceptible to Shrink-Swell. French Journal of Geotechnics, No. 120-121, 91-106.
 
[19]  NF P 94-056 (1996) French Standard. Soils: Recognition and Tests. Granulometric Analysis. Method by Dry Sieving after Washing, French Standards Association, 5-15.
 
[20]  NF P94-057 (1992) French Standard. Soils: Recognition and Tests. Granulometric Analysis. Sedimentation Method, French Standards Association, 4-17.
 
[21]  NF P94-051 (1993) French Standard. Soils: Recognition and Tests. Determination of Atterberg Limits. Limit of Liquidity at the Cup-Limit of Plasticity at the Roller. French Standards Association, 4-14.
 
[22]  NF P94-068 (1998) French Standard. Soils: Investigation and Testng—Measuring of the Methylene Blue Adsorption Capacity of a Rocky Soil. Determination of the Methylene Blue of a Soil by Means of the Strain Test, October 1998.
 
[23]  NF P 94-093 (2014) French Standard. Soils: reconnaissance and testing - Determining the compaction references of a material - Normal Proctor test - Modified Proctor test.
 
[24]  NF P 18-598 (1991) French Standard. The sand equivalent (SE) is a test that measures the cleanliness of sand. It is intended for use on plastic soils where the plasticity index measurement is not very accurate.
 
[25]  NF P98-230-2 (1993) French Standard. Pavement testing - Preparation of hydraulically bound or unbound materials - Part 2: Manufacture of sand or fine soil specimens by static compression.
 
[26]  NF P 94-078 (1997) French Standard: Soils: Reconnaissance and tests - CBR index after immersion - Immediate CBR index - Immediate bearing index - Measurement on compacted sample in the CBR mould.
 
[27]  P18-573 (1990) French Standard: Aggregates - Los Angeles test. Coefficient expressed as a percentage that characterizes the resistance to fragmentation of an aggregate.
 
[28]  NF EN 1097-1 (2004) European Standard: Tests for determining the mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of wear resistance (micro-Deval).
 
[29]  NF EN 933-3 (1997) European Standard: Test to determine the geometric characteristics of aggregates. Part 3. Determination of aggregate shapes. Flattening coefficient.
 
[30]  AASHTO T88-70. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials system is used worldwide for road construction.
 
[31]  Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). This system is applicable to projects such as dams, foundations and runways. The basic principle of this system is to classify coarse-grained soils according to their grain size and fine-grained soils according to their plasticity.
 
[32]  NF EN 933-1 (2012). Tests for determining the geometric properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of grain size - Sieve size analysis.
 
[33]  Marie Thérèse Marame Mbengue, Abdou Lawane Gana, Adamah Messan, Anne Pantet. Geotechnical and Mechanical Characterization of Lateritic Soil Improved with Crushed Granite. Civil Engineering Journal, Vol. 8, No. 05, May, 2022.