Impact of Maturity Stage on Physicochemical, Phytochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Seeds of Phaseolus Lunatus (Fabaceae) Three Cultivars Consumed in Ivory Coast

Tchumou Messou^1, , Wohi Maniga², Oupoh Bada Bedos³ and Tano Kablan³

¹Training and Resarch Unit of Agriculture, Halieutic Resources, Agro-industry, University of San-Pedro, BPV 1800, San-Pedro, Ivory Coast

²Department of Biochemistry-Genetics, Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University, Korhogo, Ivory Coast

³Training and Resarch Unit of Food Science and Technology, Nangui Abrogoua University, 02 BP: 801 Abidjan 02, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Cite this paper:
Tchumou Messou, Wohi Maniga, Oupoh Bada Bedos and Tano Kablan. Impact of Maturity Stage on Physicochemical, Phytochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Seeds of Phaseolus Lunatus (Fabaceae) Three Cultivars Consumed in Ivory Coast. American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2023; 11(5):162-174. doi: 10.12691/ajfst-11-5-1

Abstract

To enable growers and provide consumers with Phaseolus lunatus (L.) seeds of good nutritional quality, this study was carried out on Phaseolus lunatus seeds obtained from pods of white, red and black cultivars harvested at stage 1 (32 days), stage 2 (38 days), stage 3 (45 days) and stage 4 (52 days) after fertilisation. Weight of pods and seeds at harvest decreases from stage 1 to stage 4 of maturity. Major biochemical compounds such as crude protein, carbohydrates and lipids of seeds are highest at stage 4 (52 days) of maturity. Seeds of the black cultivar are richer in protein, with a content varying between 17.51 ± 0.17 and 21.21 ± 0.18 % at stage 4 (52 days) of maturity. Seeds of black cultivar produced at stage 4 (52 days) are rich in vitamins B1, B2, B6 and B9 and antioxidants such as carotenoids and flavonoids. These seeds contain high levels of vitamins B6 (pyridoxine) and B9 (folic acid). The concentrations of these vitamins vary from 1900 to 2000.03 μg/100g of dry matter and from 599.93 ± 0.86 to 600 ± 1.00 μg/100g of dry matter respectively. P. lunatus seeds obtained at stage 4 (52 days) were rich in minerals. The Na/K ratio of white, red and black bean seeds varies from 0.04 to 0.05, i.e. less than 1. As a result, eating these Phaseolus lunatus bean seeds would probably reduce high blood pressure. In conclusion, Phaseolus lunatus seeds have good nutritional quality, the pods must be harvested at stage 4 (52 days) after fertilisation in order to satisfy consumers.

Keywords:
maturity physiology pods nutrients phaseolus lunatus

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