Correlation Study of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in the Diet of Chinese Community old adults and Diabetes

Yuanfeng Song^{1, 2}, Ziqiang Luo^{1, 3}, Lanlan Wu¹, Tingxi Cao^{1, 2}, Hong-en Chen¹ and Chang-yi Wang^{1, 2,}

¹Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China

²Department Name, Organization Name, City, CountryDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China

³Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine,School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523000, China

Cite this paper:
Yuanfeng Song, Ziqiang Luo, Lanlan Wu, Tingxi Cao, Hong-en Chen and Chang-yi Wang. Correlation Study of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in the Diet of Chinese Community old adults and Diabetes. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2024; 12(12):537-544. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-12-12-1

Abstract

Objective: Although there was a substantial body of research on the association between branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and diabetes, studies focusing on BCAA levels in relation to diabetes in the elderly population are scarce. This study aims to explore the correlation between BCAA levels and diabetes among community-dwelling older adults in China.Methods: Based on the health management cohort project for the elderly in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, a multistage stratified sampling method was employed from May 2018 to December 2019 to select 4,278 elderly individuals over the age of 65 as the subjects of the study. Validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires, as well as anthropometric and physical performance measurements, were used to collect data. Binary Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the relationship between dietary branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) and diabetes in the elderly.Results: A total of 4,278 elderly individuals aged 65 and above were included in this study, with an average age of 72.73 ± 5.49 years, of which 1,861 (43.50%) were male. After adjusting for confounding factors, isoleucine remained a risk factor for diabetes (OR=3.575, 95%CI:1.321,10.692), while leucine was a protective factor (OR=0.540, 95%CI:0.357,0.817); these relationships persisted after adjusting for covariates such as age, education level, BMI, etc.; no significant association was observed between valine and diabetes comorbidity.Conclusion: There is a potential correlation between certain branched-chain amino acids, such as isoleucine and leucine, that could serve as risk markers for diabetes in the elderly population.

Keywords:
Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids Elderly Diabetes Isoleucine Leucine

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	HO I S, AZCOAGA-LORENZO A, AKBARI A, et al. Variation in the estimated prevalence of multimorbidity: systematic review and meta-analysis of 193 international studies [J]. BMJ open, 2022, 12(4): e057017.
[2]	NEINAST M, MURASHIGE D, ARANY Z. Branched Chain Amino Acids [J]. Annual review of physiology, 2019, 81: 139-64.
[3]	XIAO F, GUO F. Impacts of essential amino acids on energy balance [J]. Molecular metabolism, 2022, 57: 101393.
[4]	LE COUTEUR D G, SOLON-BIET S M, COGGER V C, et al. Branched chain amino acids, aging and age-related health [J]. Ageing research reviews, 2020, 64: 101198.
[5]	WHITE P J, MCGARRAH R W, HERMAN M A, et al. Insulin action, type 2 diabetes, and branched-chain amino acids: A two-way street [J]. Molecular metabolism, 2021, 52: 101261.
[6]	GUASCH-FERRé M, HRUBY A, TOLEDO E, et al. Metabolomics in Prediabetes and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [J]. Diabetes care, 2016, 39(5): 833-46.
[7]	OKEKUNLE A P, LI Y, LIU L, et al. Abnormal circulating amino acid profiles in multiple metabolic disorders [J]. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2017, 132: 45-58.
[8]	NIE C, HE T, ZHANG W, et al. Branched Chain Amino Acids: Beyond Nutrition Metabolism [J]. International journal of molecular sciences, 2018, 19(4).
[9]	BLACK M, BOWMAN M. Nutrition and Healthy Aging [J]. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 2020, 36(4): 655-69.
[10]	REN L, TANG Y, YANG R, et al. Plant-based dietary pattern and low muscle mass: a nation-wide cohort analysis of Chinese older adults [J]. BMC geriatrics, 2023, 23(1): 569.
[11]	YANG Y, PIAO W, HUANG K, et al. Dietary Pattern Associated with the Risk of Hyperuricemia in Chinese Elderly: Result from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2015-2017 [J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(4).
[12]	ZHANG C X, HO S C. Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency Questionnaire among Chinese women in Guangdong province [J]. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 2009, 18(2): 240-50.
[13]	Chinese Food Ingredients, Standard Edition, 6th edition. Nutrition, 2019(5): p. 426.
[14]	[Clinical guidelines for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly in China (2022 edition)] [J]. Zhonghua nei ke za zhi, 2022, 61(1): 12-50.
[15]	MACFARLANE D, CHAN A, CERIN E. Examining the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, long form (IPAQ-LC) [J]. Public health nutrition, 2011, 14(3): 443-50.
[16]	VANWEERT F, SCHRAUWEN P, PHIELIX E. Role of branched-chain amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes-related metabolic disturbances BCAA metabolism in type 2 diabetes [J]. Nutrition & diabetes, 2022, 12(1): 35.
[17]	VANWEERT F, DE LIGT M, HOEKS J, et al. Elevated Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels Correlate With Type 2 Diabetes-Related Metabolic Disturbances [J]. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021, 106(4): e1827-e36.
[18]	MOSLEY J D, SHI M, AGAMASU D, et al. Branched-chain amino acids and type 2 diabetes: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis [J]. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md), 2024, 32(2): 423-35.
[19]	CHEN T, NI Y, MA X, et al. Branched-chain and aromatic amino acid profiles and diabetes risk in Chinese populations [J]. Scientific reports, 2016, 6: 20594.
[20]	RAMZAN I, ARDAVANI A, VANWEERT F, et al. The Association between Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acids and the Temporal Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis [J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(20).
[21]	CHAILURKIT L O, PAIYABHROMA N, SRITARA P, et al. Independent and Opposite Associations Between Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Lysophosphatidylcholines With Incident Diabetes in Thais [J]. Metabolites, 2020, 10(2).
[22]	ELSHORBAGY A, JERNERéN F, BASTA M, et al. Amino acid changes during transition to a vegan diet supplemented with fish in healthy humans [J]. European journal of nutrition, 2017, 56(5): 1953-62.
[23]	TORKI S A, BAHADORI E, AGHAKHANINEJAD Z, et al. Association between type 2 diabetes and branched chain amino acids (BCAA); a case-control study [J]. Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 2023, 22(2): 1291-7.
[24]	GREEN C L, TRAUTMAN M E, CHAIYAKUL K, et al. Dietary restriction of isoleucine increases healthspan and lifespan of genetically heterogeneous mice [J]. Cell metabolism, 2023, 35(11): 1976-95.e6.
[25]	TRAUTMAN M E, RICHARDSON N E, LAMMING D W. Protein restriction and branched-chain amino acid restriction promote geroprotective shifts in metabolism [J]. Aging cell, 2022, 21(6): e13626.
[26]	LYNCH C J, ADAMS S H. Branched-chain amino acids in metabolic signalling and insulin resistance [J]. Nature reviews Endocrinology, 2014, 10(12): 723-36.