Association of Maternal Dietary Patterns in Early Pregnancy with Risk of Delivering a Small or Large-For-Gestational Age Infant: Yazd Birth Cohort

Shahab-Aldin Akbarian¹, Amin Salehi-Abargouei^{1, 2}, Sara Jambarsang³, Habib Nikukar^{4, 5} and Azadeh Nadjarzadeh^{1, 6,}

¹Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

²Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;Yazd Cardiovascular Research center, Non-communicable Disease Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Ira

³Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

⁴Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

⁵Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran

⁶Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Cite this paper:
Shahab-Aldin Akbarian, Amin Salehi-Abargouei, Sara Jambarsang, Habib Nikukar and Azadeh Nadjarzadeh. Association of Maternal Dietary Patterns in Early Pregnancy with Risk of Delivering a Small or Large-For-Gestational Age Infant: Yazd Birth Cohort. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2024; 12(4):173-181. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-12-4-2

Abstract

Introduction: Maternal dietary pattern is one of the most important birth outcomes determinants. We aimed to evaluate association of dietary patterns with risk of small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA) newborns for weight, height, and head circumferences (HC). Methods: The Yazd Birth Cohort (YBC) includes 1666 mother-child pairs which their dietary intakes were obtained food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at 4-12 weeks of gestation. By using principal component analysis (PCA), we derived two dietary patterns: fruit/vegetables and western pattern. Multinominal regression model was used for analyses. Results: Of 1666 newborns, 263 SGA and 71 LGA for weight, 115 SGA and 182 LGA for height and 86 SGA and 279 LGA for HC, were born. Lower scores of western pattern are associated with lower risk of LGA newborns (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.15-0.78) and higher risk of SGA newborns (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.01-2.32) for weight and also higher risk of LGA infants (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.36-2.71) for height. While, lower adherence to fruit/vegetable is associated with higher risk of LGA infants (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.02-2.8) for height too. Conclusion: Western pattern in early pregnancy may have higher risk of LGA and lower risk of SGA infants for weight.

Keywords:
diet pregnancy newborn Small-for-Gestational Age birth outcome

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