The Effect of Bougainvillea spectabilis Leaf Extract on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Rat Model

Sania Riaz^{1, 2}, Iqra Ejaz², Rizwan-ur-Rehman ^3, , Beenish Aftab⁴, Maria Zahid² and Zahra Andleeb²

¹Department of Bioinformatics and Bio-sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

²Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

³Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

⁴Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, UVAS-Ravi campus, Pattoki, Pakistan

Cite this paper:
Sania Riaz, Iqra Ejaz, Rizwan-ur-Rehman , Beenish Aftab, Maria Zahid and Zahra Andleeb. The Effect of Bougainvillea spectabilis Leaf Extract on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Rat Model. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2022; 10(11):762-771. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-10-11-3

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder that affects females of reproductive age. Clomiphene citrate (CC) is used as a first line treatment for induction of ovulation in PCOS patients. Bougainvillea spectabilis is a Phytochemicals containing plant used as herbal medicine in treating PCOS. The study was aimed to compare the efficacy of Clomiphene citrate and Bougainvillea spectabilis extract against PCOS in rats. Estradiol valerate was used for PCOS induction in all rats except control group. Normal estrous cycle was detected using vaginal smear method. Thirty young female rats were divided into five groups: 1. Control group. 2. Positive control group (0.2ml EV) 3. CC group (20mg CC). 4. BSL group (20mg of BSL extract in 0.5ml water). BSL+ CC group (20mg of CC and 20mg of BSL extract). Biochemical measurements of serum levels of LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone and testosterone showed a significant change after treatment (p value < 0.05). Combined therapy group showed most promising results in restoring the normal hormonal balance (p value < 0.05). Histological investigation showed multiple cystic follicles in positive control group. Few cystic follicles were observed in BSL group while one cystic follicle was observed in CC group. The combined therapy group showed no cystic follicle in ovaries of the rats. Significant improvement in hormonal and histological observation was seen in combined therapy group suggesting this combination as an effective treatment against polycystic ovary syndrome.

Keywords:
PCOS Clomiphene citrate Estradiol valerate BSL extract

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