A Clinical Investigation: A Weight Loss Kit with a Prebiotic Formula for Weight Management and Metabolic Improvement

Hui-Chun Chang¹, Bo-Han Wu², Yen-Ju Lin³, Yung-Hao Lin³, Yung-Hsiang Lin¹ and Chen-Meng Kuan^1,

¹Research & Design Center, TCI CO., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan

²Department of Recreation Sport and Health Promotion, Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan

³Research & Design Center, TCI Gene Inc., Taipei 114, Taiwan

Cite this paper:
Hui-Chun Chang, Bo-Han Wu, Yen-Ju Lin, Yung-Hao Lin, Yung-Hsiang Lin and Chen-Meng Kuan. A Clinical Investigation: A Weight Loss Kit with a Prebiotic Formula for Weight Management and Metabolic Improvement. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2020; 8(6):279-287. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-8-6-6

Abstract

This preliminary clinical study reveals the possibilities of a weight loss kit with a prebiotic formula for weight management and metabolic improvement in volunteers. Considering the convenience, passive diets are a popular choice for some people for weight management. However, the synergic effect between passive diet kits and prebiotics has seldom been reported. 90 volunteers were enrolled in this two-month study and assigned them to normal diet (ND), weight loss program kit (WLPK), or WLPK with the prebiotic formula (WLPK-AKK) group based on purposive sampling. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical analysis, and fecal microbiome analysis were conducted at the baseline and 1 and 2 months. The prebiotic formula could reduce weight mass, fat mass, visceral fat, body fat percentage, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol of the subjects by 0.5 kg, 0.7 kg, 9 cm2, 0.6%, 2%, 1.6%, 1.2%, respectively. Also, it improved the abundance of A. muciniphila by 250% in comparison with the control group. In short, this study demonstrates that the weight loss kit with the prebiotic formula enables to facilitate the abundance of probiotics in the human intestines and comprehensively improve body weight and metabolic disorders.

Keywords:
prebiotic obesity overweight weight loss metabolic improvement

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	WHO. Obesity and overweight. 2018 Feb 16 [[\Cited 2020 February 19] Available from: https://www.who.int/news- room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
[2]	Butler CD (2018) Climate change, health and existential risks to civilization: a comprehensive review (1989-2013). Int J Environ Res Public Health 15: 2266.
[3]	Pineda E, Sanchez-Romero LM, Brown M, Jaccard A, Jewell J, et al. (2018) Forecasting future trends in obesity across Europe: the value of improving surveillance. Obes Facts 11: 360-371.
[4]	Tremmel M, Gerdtham UG, Nilsson PM, Saha S (2017) Economic burden of obesity: a systematic literature review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14: 435.
[5]	Cecchini M (2018) Use of healthcare services and expenditure in the US in 2025: the effect of obesity and morbid obesity. PLoS One 13: e0206703.
[6]	Blundell JE, Gillett A (2001) Control of food intake in the obese. Obes Res 4: S263S-S270.
[7]	Lagerros YT, Rössner S (2013) Obesity management: what brings success? Therap Adv Gastroenterol 6: 77-88.
[8]	Ding RX, Goh WR, Wu RN, Yue XQ, Luo X, et al. (2019) Revisit gut microbiota and its impact on human health and disease. J Food Drug Anal 27: 623-631.
[9]	Jiang C, Li G, Huang P, Liu Z, Zhao B (2017) The gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 58: 1-15.
[10]	Sanders ME, Merenstein DJ, Reid G, Gibson GR, Rastall RA, et al. (2019). Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic. Nat Rev Gastroentero Hepatol 16: 605-616.
[11]	Grumezescu AM, Holban AM. Nutrients in beverages. 1st ed. Massachusetts: Academic Press; 2019.
[12]	Kijmanawat A, Panburana P, Reutrakul S, Tangshewinsirikul C. (2019). Effects of probiotic supplements on insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Diabetes Investig 10: 163-170.
[13]	Thushara RM, Gangadaran S, Solatia Z, Moghadasian MH. (2016). Cardiovascular benefits of probiotics: a review of experimental and clinical studies. Food Funct 7: 632-642.
[14]	Brusaferro A, Cozzali R, Orabona C, Biscarini A, Farinelli E, et al. (2018). Is it time to use probiotics to prevent or treat obesity? Nutrients 10: 1613.
[15]	Kadooka Y, Sato M, Imaizumi K, Ogawa A, Ikuyama K, et al. (2010). Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri sbt 2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 64: 636-643.
[16]	Luoto R, Kalliomäki M, Laitinen K, Isolauri E. (2010). The impact of perinatal probiotic intervention on the development of overweight and obesity: follow-up study from birth to 10 years. Int J Obes 34: 1531-1537.
[17]	Mazloom K, Siddiqi I, Covasa M. (2019). Probiotics: how effective are they in the fight against obesity? Nutrients 11: 258.
[18]	Guazzelli Marques C, de Piano Ganen A, de Barros AZ, Thomatieli Dos Santos RV, et al. (2020). Weight loss probiotic supplementation effect in overweight and obesity subjects: a review. Clin Nutr 39: 694-704.
[19]	Depommier C, Everard A, Druart C, Plovier H, Van Hul M, et al. (2019). Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study. Nat Med 25: 1096-1103.
[20]	Roopchand DE, Carmody RN, Kuhn P, Moskal K, Rojas-Silva P, et al. (2014). Dietary polyphenols promote growth of the gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and attenuate high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 64: 2847-2858.
[21]	Zhou K. (2017). Strategies to promote abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, an emerging probiotics in the gut, evidence from dietary intervention studies. J Funct Foods 33: 194-201.
[22]	Naito Y, Uchiyama K, Takagi T. (2018). A next-generation beneficial microbe: Akkermansia muciniphila. J Clin Biochem Nutr 63: 33-35.
[23]	Dao MC, Everard A, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Sokolovska N, Prifti E, et al. (2016). Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: Relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology. Gut 65, 426-436.
[24]	Shin NR, Lee JC, Lee HY, Kim MS, Whon TW, et al. (2014). An increase in the Akkermansia spp. population induced by metformin treatment improves glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. Gut 63: 727-735.
[25]	Davani-Davari D, Negahdaripour M, Karimzadeh I, Seifan M, Mohkam M, et al. (2019). Prebiotics: definition, types, sources, mechanisms, and clinical applications. Foods 8: 92.
[26]	Ferrarese R, Ceresola ER, Preti A, Canducci F. (2018). Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for weight loss and metabolic syndrome in the microbiome era. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 22: 7588-7605.
[27]	Bastola R, Bastola BS, Gurung R, Ghimire JJ, Shrestha SK. (2017). A randomized open label comparative clinical study of a probiotic against a symbiotic in the treatment of acute diarrhoea in children. Int J Med Res Health Sci 6: 96-100.
[28]	Malaguarnera M, Greco F, Barone G, Gargante MP, Malaguarnera M, et al. (2007). Bifidobacterium longum with fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dig Dis Sci 52: 3259-3265.
[29]	Cappello C, Tremolaterra, F, Pascariello A, Ciacci C, Iovino P. (2013). A randomised clinical trial (RCT) of a symbiotic mixture in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): effects on symptoms, colonic transit and quality of life. Int J Colorectal Dis 28: 349-358.
[30]	Grossi E, Buresta R, Abbiati R, Cerutti R. (2010). Clinical trial on the efficacy of a new symbiotic formulation, Flortec, in patients with acute diarrhea: a multicenter, randomized study in primary care. J Clin Gastroenterol 44: S35-S41.
[31]	Lin Y-H, Huang C-H, Ho C-Y. Method for promoting growth of Akkermansia muciniphia using musa ferments. US 16/727, 389 (pending).
[32]	Cho NH, Jang HC, Choi SH, Kim, HR, Lee HK, et al. (2007). Abnormal liver function test predicts type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 30: 2566-2528.
[33]	Saligram S, Williams EJ, Masding MG. (2012). Raised liver enzymes in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes are associated with weight and lipids, but not glycaemic control. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 16: 1012-1024.
[34]	Harris EH. (2005). Elevated liver function tests in type 2 diabetes. Clinical Diabetes 23: 115-119.
[35]	Gu Y, Hu K, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Liu L, et al. (2018). White blood cells count as an indicator to identify whether obesity leads to increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 141: 140-147.
[36]	Zhou K. (2017). Strategies to promote abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, an emerging probiotics in the gut, evidence from dietary intervention studies. J Funct Foods 33: 194-201.
[37]	Li J, Lin S, Vanhoutte PM, Woo CW, Xu A. (2016). Akkermansia muciniphila protects against atherosclerosis by preventing metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in apoe-/- mice. Circulation 133, 2434-2346.
[38]	Anhê FF, Roy D, Pilon G, Dudonné S, Matamoros S, et al. (2015). A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. population in the gut microbiota of mice. Gut 64: 872-883.
[39]	Dao M, Everard A, Clément K, Cani P. (2016). Losing weight for a better health: Role for the gut microbiota. Clin Nutr Exp 6: 39-58.
[40]	Vulevic J, Juric A, Tzortzis G, Gibson GR. (2013). A mixture of trans-galactooligosaccharides reduces markers of metabolic syndrome and modulates the fecal microbiota and immune function of overweight adults. J Nutr 143: 324-331.
[41]	Castaner O, Goday A, Park Y-M, Lee S-H, Magkos F, et al. (2018). The gut microbiome profile in obesity: a systematic review. Inter J Endocrinol Rev 2018: 1-9.
[42]	Hernández MAG, Canfora EE, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. (2019). The short-chain fatty acid acetate in body weight control and insulin sensitivity. Nutrients 11: 1943.
[43]	Ley RE, Turnbaugh PJ, Klein S, Gordon JI (2006) Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 444: 1022-1023.