Food Handling Practices and Microbial Quality in Street Food

Jhenifer de Souza Couto Oliveira¹ and Jackline Freitas Brilhante de São José^1,

¹Federal University of Espírito Santo, Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Center of Health Sciences, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória-ES, Brazil

Cite this paper:
Jhenifer de Souza Couto Oliveira and Jackline Freitas Brilhante de São José. Food Handling Practices and Microbial Quality in Street Food. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2019; 7(4):319-324. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-7-4-9

Abstract

The great relevance of evaluating the sanitary-hygienic conditions in the street food vending sites, as a means to identify risks and prevent food-originated diseases. In this paper, street food trades are analyzed in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. To accomplish this, a study of a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive kind was carried out from July 2016 to March 2017. Good practice checklists based on legislation and research were applied in that group of street vendors and 20 samples of the food commercialized were analyzed. The places visited presented average adequacy equal to 44%, as from the analysis of the checklists, various items pointing to the need for improvement, mainly in relation to sanitary license and environmental conditions. Coliforms at 35 °C, molds and yeasts, as well as Staphylococcus spp. were detected in all food samples analyzed, hot dogs standing out as the food with the highest microbial load. This indicates that the organizations must supervise sanitary conditions and offer to street food vendors education programs to contribute to adequate hygiene practices. This is essential to improve the quality of the foods sold in the streets and prevent foodborne diseases.

Keywords:
food hygiene; food handling; public health contamination quality control

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	World Health Organization (WHO). ‘Food for the cities: Street foods’. Available: http://www.fao.org/fcit/food-processing/street-foods/en/. [Accessed Sep. 2, 2018]
[2]	Cortese, R.D.M., Veiros, M.B., Feldman, C. and Cavalli, S.B. ‘Food safety and hygiene practices of vendors during the chain of street food production in Florianopolis, Brazil: A cross-sectional study’, Food Control, 62 (1), 178-186. 2016.
[3]	Al Mamun, M., Rahman, S.M.M. and Turin, T.C. ‘Microbiological quality of selected street food items vended by school-based street food vendors in Dhaka, Bangladesh’. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 166, 413-418.2013.
[4]	Auad, L.I., Ginani, V. C., Leandro, E. S., Farage, P., Nunes, A. C. S. and Zandonadi, R. P. ‘Development of a Brazilian Food Truck Risk Assessment Instrument’. International Journal of Environmental Research. Public Health, 15, 2624.2018.
[5]	World Health Organization (WHO). Essential Safety Requirements for Street Vended Foods (Revised Edition). Food Safety Unit, Division of Food and Nutrition, WHO, Geneva. 1996
[6]	Okojie P.W. and Isah E.C., “Sanitary Conditions of Food Vending Sites and Food Handling Practices of Street Food Vendors in Benin City, Nigeria: Implication for Food Hygiene and Safety,” Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. 2014. Article ID 701316, 6 pages.2014,
[7]	Trafialek, J., Drosinos, E. H. and Kolanowski, W. ‘Evaluation of street food vendors’ hygienic practices using fast observation questionnaire’. Food Control, 80, 350-359. 2017.
[8]	São José, J.F.B. ‘Contaminação microbiológica em serviços de alimentação: importância e controle’. Nutrire Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Alimentação e Nutrição, 37(1). 2012
[9]	Brasil, Ministério da Saúde. ‘Surtos de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos no Brasil’. Available: http://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2016/junho/08/Apresenta----o-Surtos-DTA-2016.pdf. [acessed 2 fev 2018].
[10]	Gonçalves, J.M., Rodrigues, K.L., Demoliner, F., Rossales, R., Almeida, Â.T.S, Buchweitz, M.RD. ‘Hygienic and sanitary conditions in the hospital foodservice: relationship between good practices and microbiological quality’. Journal of Food Safety, 33(4), 418-422. 2013.
[11]	Jahan, M., Rahman, M., Rahman, M. et al. Microbiological safety of street-vended foods in Bangladesh. J Consum Prot Food Saf (2018) 13: 257.
[12]	Souza, G.C. de, Santos, C.T.B. dos, Andrade, A.A., Alves, L. ‘Comida de rua: avaliação das condições higiênico-sanitárias de manipuladores de alimentos’. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 20(8), 2329-2338. 2015.
[13]	Brasil, Ministério da Saúde. Resolução - RDC nº 216, de 15 de setembro de 2004. Dispõe sobre Regulamento Técnico de Boas Práticas para Serviços de Alimentação. Diário Oficial da Republica Federativa do Brasil 2004.
[14]	Torres, S.A.M. ‘Locais de preparação e comércio de cachorro-quente: avaliação higiênico-sanitária e o ponto de vista do consumidor’ [Dissertação]. Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa. 2008.
[15]	Pierre LT. Condições higiênico-sanitárias de alimentos prontos para consumo comercializados por ambulantes no município de Ouro Preto-MG. Biblioteca Digital UFMG 2008 Available: http://www.bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br/dspace/handle/1843/MAFB-7PZG7N. [Acessed Apr. 04, 2017].
[16]	Downes, F.P., Ito, K. ‘Compendium of methods for the microbiological examinations of foods’. 2001.
[17]	AOAC - Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analyses of the Association of Analytical Chemists (18th ed.), 2005.
[18]	Brasil, Ministério da Saúde. ‘Resolução - RDC nº 12, de 02 de janeiro de 2001. Aprova o Regulamento Técnico sobre Padrões Microbiológicos para Alimentos’. Diário Oficial da Republica Federativa do Brasil. 2001.
[19]	Franco, C.R. and Ueno, M. ‘Comércio ambulante de alimentos: condições higiênico-sanitárias nos pontos de venda em Taubaté-SP’. Journal of Health Sciences, 12(4). 2015.
[20]	Aluko, O.O., Ojeremi, T.T., Olakele, D.A. and Ajidagba, E.B. ‘Evaluation of food safety and sanitary practices among food vendors at car parks in Ile Ife, southwestern Nigeria’. Food Control, 40, 165-171. 2014.
[21]	Monteiro, M.A.M. ‘Caracterização do Comércio Ambulante de Alimentos em Belo Horizonte-MG. Demetra: Alimentação, Nutrição & Saúde, 10(1), 87-97. 2015.
[22]	Silva, S.A., Cardoso, R.C.V., Góes, J.A.W., Santos, J.N., Ramos, F.P., Jesus, R.B., Vale, R.S., Silva, P.S.T. Street food on the coast of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil: A study from the socioeconomic and food safety perspectives. Food Control, 40,78-84, 2014;
[23]	Proietti, I., Frazzoli C. and Mantovani A. ‘Identification and management of toxicological hazards of street foods in developing countries’. Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 63, 143-52. 2014.
[24]	Brandalize, P.C., Peres, A.P. and Passoni, C.M.S. ‘Condições higienicossanitárias do comércio ambulante de alimentos, na feira de artesanato de Curitiba, PR’. Higiene Alimentar, 27(216/217), 54-57. 2013.
[25]	Lucca, A. and Torres, E.A.S.F. ‘Street-food: the hygieneconditionsof hot-dogs sold in São Paulo, Brazil’. Food Control, 17(4), 312-316. 2006.
[26]	Sanlier, N., Sezgin, A. C., Sahin, G. and Yassibas, E. ‘A study about the young consumers' consumption behaviors of street foods’. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 23(5), 1647-1656. 2018.
[27]	Silva, L.I.M.M. da, Thé, P.M.P., Farias, G.S., Telmos, B.M.A., Fiúza, M.P. and Branco, C.C.C. ‘Condições higiênico-sanitárias do comércio de alimentos em via pública em um campus universitário’. Brazilian Journal of Food & Nutrition, 22(1). 2011.
[28]	Ferretti, G.M., Alexandrino, A.M. ‘Avaliação da qualidade higiênico-sanitária de cachorros quentes comercializados em via pública no município de Terra Boa–PR’. SaBios-Revista de Saúde e Biologia, 8 (3). 2014.
[29]	Alves, T.P. and Jardim FBB. ‘Análise microbiológica de cachorros quente comercializados na cidade de Uberaba, MG’. Cadernos de Pós-Graduação da FAZU, 1. 2011.
[30]	Kothe, C.I., Schild, C.H., Tondo, E.C. and Malheiros, P.S. ‘Microbiological contamination and evaluation of sanitary conditions of hot dog street vendors in Southern Brazil’. Food Control, 62, 346-350. 2016,
[31]	Santana, F.A., Vieira, M.C. and Pinto, U.M. ‘Qualidade microbiológica de sanduíches de estabelecimentos com serviço tipo delivery’. Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz 74(2), 156-161. 2016.
[32]	Kuhn, C.R., Gandra, E.Á., Ferreira, L.R., Bartz, J., Gonzáles, Á.P. and Fontoura, G.C. ‘Qualidade microbiológica de lanches comercializados na cidade Pelotas–RS’. Global Science and Technology, 5(3). 2012.
[33]	Loukieh, M., Mouannes, E., Jaoudeh, C.A., Wakim, L.H., Fancello F. and Zeidan, M. B. ‘Street foods in Beirut city: An assessment of the food safety practices and of the microbiological quality’. Journal of Food Safety, 38, 1-11, 2018.
[34]	Hilario, J.S. ‘An Evaluation of the Hygiene and Sanitation Practices Among Street Food Vendors Along Far Eastern University (FEU)´. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(2), 604-615, 2015.