Isolation and Characterisation of Esherichia coli O157 in Human Stool Samples from Parts of Kaduna Metropolis Nigeria

H.O. AbdulAziz^1, , Maryam Aminu¹ and D. A. Machido¹

¹Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria

Cite this paper:
H.O. AbdulAziz, Maryam Aminu and D. A. Machido. Isolation and Characterisation of Esherichia coli O157 in Human Stool Samples from Parts of Kaduna Metropolis Nigeria. American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2016; 4(5):125-128. doi: 10.12691/ajfst-4-5-1

Abstract

Esherichia coli O157 is pathogenic strain of Esherichia coli that is known to cause diarrhoea leading to fluid loss, electrolyte imbalance and other severe complications like haemolytic uraemic syndrome. This work was therefore aimed at isolating and serologically characterising Esherichia coli O157 from human stool with the set objectives of identifying the risk factors associated with diarrhoea and determining the serological characteristics of Esherichia coli isolates. A total of one hundred and forty four (144) stool samples were collected from patients with age ranging from zero to sixty (0-60) years, statistical analysis of the risk factors showed that only zero to five years age range of the respondents had a significant statistical difference of 0.012 (P<0.05). The presumptive Esherichia coli isolates that appeared as green metallic sheen on Eosin Methylene Blue agar were picked and confirmed biochemically as Esherichia coli using Microgen biochemical test kit. The confirmed E. coli isolates were then cultured on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar and the two isolates that appeared colourless on SMAC were confirmed serologically as Esherichia coli O157 using the latex agglutination test kit. Although 1.39% prevalence rate of Esherichia coli O157 was obtained it is pertinent to note that, Esherichia coli O157 is becoming a public health threat because of the debilitating effects it has on humans and also due to its low infectivity dose. There is therefore, the need for more public awareness to educate our citizens on ways of improving on the unsanitary environment.

Keywords:
diarrhoea risk factors public health threat Escherichia coli O157 low infectivity dose

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Doyle, M.P. and Schoeni, J.L. (1984). Survival and Growth Characteristics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Associated with Haemorrhagic Colitis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 48(4):855-856.
[2]	Esumeh, F.I, Isibor, J.O., Egbagbe, I.D.S. (2011). Screening For Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Diarrheic Patients InBenin City, Nigeria. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 1(4): 1-4.
[3]	Effler, E.M., Isaacson, L., Arntzen, R., Heenan, P., Canter, T., Barrett, and Griffin, P.M. (2001).Emerging Infectious Dieases, 7:812-819.
[4]	Greig, J.D., Todd, E.C.D., Bartleson, C. and Michaels, B. (2010). “Infective Doses and Pathen Carriage”, pp. 19-20, USDA2010 Food Safety Education Conference.
[5]	Hayes, P.S., Blom, K., Feng, P., Lewis, J., Strockbine, N.A., and Swaminathan, B. (1995) Isolation and Characterization of a Glucuronidase-Producing Strain of Escherichia coli Serotype O157:H7 in the United States. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 33(12):3347-3348.
[6]	Ifeanyi, C.I.C., Isu R. N., Akpa, A.C. and Ikeneche N.F. (2010). Enteric Bacteria Pathogens Associated With Diarrhoea of Children in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria. New York Science Journal, 3(1): 62-69.
[7]	Kudva, I.T., Blanch, K. and Hovde, C.J. (1998). Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival in Ovine or Bovine Manure and Manure Slurry. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 64(3): 166-3174.
[8]	Mead, P.S., Slutsker, L., and Dietz, V. (1999). Food Related Illness and Death in The United States. Emerging Infectious Disease, 5(5): 607-625.
[9]	Nougang, M.E., Nola, M., Bessa, H.A., Kweyang, B.T.P., Olive, V., Ewoti, N. and Moungang, L.M. (2011). Prevalence of Pathogenic Strains of Escherichia coli in Urban Streams in The Equatorial Region of Cameroon, Central Africa. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 48: 3293-3305.
[10]	O’Brien, S.J., Adak, G.K. and Gilham, C. (2001). Contact with Farming Environment as a Major Risk Factor for Shiga Toxin (Verocytotoxin)-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Infection in Humans. Emerging Infectious Disease, 7:1049-1051.
[11]	Ogunsanya, T.L, Rotimi, V.O. and Adenuga, A. (1994). Study of the Aetiological Agents of Childhood Diarrhoea in Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 40:10-14.
[12]	Okeke, I.N., Lamikanra, A.H., Steinruck, and Kaper, J.B. (2000). Characterisation of Escherichia coli Strains from Cases of Childhood Diarrhoea in Provincial South Western Nigeria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38(1):7-12.
[13]	Okeke, I.N., Ojo, O., Lamikanra, A., and Kaper, J.B. (2003). Aetiology of Acute Diarrhoea in Adults in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41(10):4525-4530.
[14]	Olorunshola, I.D., Smith, S.I. and Coker, A.O. (2000). Prevalence of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichian coli in Patients with Diarrhoea in Lagos, Nigeria. Actapathologica, microbiologica, etimmunologicaScandinavica, 108(11):761-763.
[15]	Pimbley D.W. (1999). Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli Detection by Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay. In, Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology. Academic press, London.3: 2921-2231.
[16]	Victoria, C. G., Bryce, J., Fontaine, O., Monasch, R. (2008). Reducing deaths from Diarrhea through oral rehydration therapy. Bulletin World Health Organization, 73(10), 1246-1255.
[17]	Yilgwan, C.S. and Okolo, S.N. (2012). Prevalence of Diarrhoea Disease and Risk Factors in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine; 11(4):217-221.
[18]	World Health Organisation (2013). Diarrhoeal Disease Fact sheet http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/.