Modulatory Impact of Cleome droserifolia (Samwa) Aerial Extract on Oxidative Stress, Liver and Kidney Injury, and Inflammation in Experimental Diabetes

Yousif A. Elhassaneen^1, , Basma A. El-khateeb¹ and Mariem A. Elgendy¹

¹Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt

Cite this paper:
Yousif A. Elhassaneen, Basma A. El-khateeb and Mariem A. Elgendy. Modulatory Impact of Cleome droserifolia (Samwa) Aerial Extract on Oxidative Stress, Liver and Kidney Injury, and Inflammation in Experimental Diabetes. American Journal of Food and Nutrition. 2026; 14(2):63-81. doi: 10.12691/ajfn-14-2-3

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is typified by unremitting hyperglycemia and multisystem developmental complications. The current research assessed the protective activity of Cleome droserifolia ethanolic extract (CDE) on metabolic, oxidative, inflammatory, hepatic, renal and hematological derangements of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. There were significant decreases in the gain of body weight, feed intake, and the rat of feed efficiency in the diabetes induction, severe cases of hyperglycemia (211.83), insulin deficiency, leptin dysregulation, and liver and kidney disfunction. AST, ALT and ALP levels had increased by 46.52% and 40.06 and 35.65, respectively, with creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid also increasing by 31.77, 66.22 and 44.35. The evidence of oxidative stress was increased hepatic malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species by 42.96% and 52.78, and glutathione depletion as well as a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio. The levels of inflammatory markers had significantly increased, and C-reactive protein increased almost five times, and TNF-A was increased 93 times and nitric oxide was increased 79 times. Hemoglobin, red and white blood cells, and platelets were found to have significant hematological depreciations. Four weeks of CDE oral delivery had dose-dependent positive effects regarding all parameters. The dose had a significant effect on reducing blood glucose by 58.86, body weight gain, which increased by 35.66, hepatic and renal biomarkers were normalized, antioxidant defenses were restored, MDA, ROS, CRP, TNF-α and NO had been lowered; hematological indices were corrected. Analysis of the correlation showed that oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and organ dysfunction had strong correlations. Altogether, CDE showed important antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and hematoprotective activity, and is likely to be considered a complementary drug in the treatment of diabetes, where experimentally there are no reported toxicity or mortality.

Keywords:
Blood glucose leptin insulin kidney functions glutathione TNF-α NO ROS MDA

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