Monosodium Glutamate Level in Kid’s Food and Its Dietary Effects on Liver and Kidney Functions in Adult Rats

M.A. Hossain^1, , M.M. Haque¹, M.A. Aziz¹ and K.N. Sharmin¹

¹Department of Applied Food Science and Nutrition, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Science University, Chattogram, Bangladesh

Cite this paper:
M.A. Hossain, M.M. Haque, M.A. Aziz and K.N. Sharmin. Monosodium Glutamate Level in Kid’s Food and Its Dietary Effects on Liver and Kidney Functions in Adult Rats. American Journal of Food and Nutrition. 2020; 8(2):32-36. doi: 10.12691/ajfn-8-2-2

Abstract

Youngsters are inclined to pleasing flavor and express a preference for sweetly, salty, and tasty food items than others. That's why monosodium glutamate (MSG) or tasting salt is using enormously in kid’s food items to increase palatability known as umami taste though it has adverse impacts on health. The purposes of this study were to determine of MSG level in kid’s items such as chips and noodles spices that are randomly taken by them and also its dietary consequences on liver and kidney functions in albino adult rats. The quantitative analysis was done by using the UHPLC system and 36 adult albino rats were used in this study for dietary intervention. The results showed that the overall mean value of MSG in imported chips was about doubled than the local brand. The MSG levels of the noodles spice varied from local to import and brand to brand which extended from 3.87±0.21-7.33±1.62 g/kg. Bodyweight of rats was significantly raised after the oral intervention of about 45.68%, 56.19% substantial in treatment 1(0.5 mg/g body weight of MSG) and treatment 2(1.5 mg/g body weight of MSG) respectively confronted with of about 22.59% in the control group. On regard to liver functions, the level of serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly (p < 0.05) increased but on the contrary, Albumin and Bilirubin were decreased with an uplift of MSG in treated rats compared to the control. MSG had antagonistic impacts on kidney functions as serum creatinine was significantly increased (35.48, 77.42%) inT1 and T2 group rats and serum urea was also increased in treated animals contrasted with the control group. The results unveiled that MSG at a low dose may causes an adverse outcomes on the hepatic and renal functions.

Keywords:
monosodium glutamate kidney liver alanine aminotransferase creatinine

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Chaudari N, Roper SD. 1998. Molecular and physiological evidence for glutamate (umami) taste transduction via a G-protein-coupled receptor. Annal. New York Acad. Sci., 855: 398-405.
[2]	Walker R, Lupien JR. 2000. The safety evaluation of monosodium glutamate. In: International Symposium on Glutamate, Proceedings of the symposium held October, 1998 in Bergami, Italy. J. Nutr.; 130: 1049S-1052S.
[3]	Eweka AO, Eweka A, Om’Iniabohs FAE. 2010. Histological studies of the effects of monosodium glutamate on the Wistar rats. North America Journal of Medical Sciences, (2): 146-149.
[4]	Tawfik MS, Badr NA. 2012. Adverse Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on Liver and Kidney Functions in Adult Rats and Potential Protective Effect of Vitamins C and E.
[5]	Steve LT, Susan LH. 2003. Food allergy research and resource program. Expert opinion on monosodium glutamate.
[6]	Luyckx VA, Tonelli M, Stanifer JW. 2018. The global burden of kidney disease and the sustainable development goals. Bulletin of the World Health Organization.
[7]	United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). 2009. Guidelines on Representative Drug Sampling. United Nations New York, United Nations Publication Sales No. E.09.XI.13 ISBN 978-92-1-148241-6
[8]	Mehreen L, Kauser S, Muhammad S, Lubna I. 2012. Estimation of monosodium glutamate by modified HPLC method in various Pakistani spices formula. Parkistan Journal, 34 (1): 39-42.
[9]	Steve LT, Susan LH. 2003. Food allergy research and resource program. Expert opinion on monosodium glutamate.
[10]	European Parliament and Council Directive. 1995. Directive No.95/2/EC on food additives other than colours and sweeteners. Official Journal, L061: 1-40.
[11]	Al-Mamary M, Al-Habori M, Al-Aghbari AM, Baker MM. 2002. Investigation into the Toxicological Effects of Catha Edulis Leaves: A Short-Term Study in Animals. Phytoetherapy Research, Vol. 16, pp. 127-132.
[12]	Poli G, Albano E, Dianzani MU. 1990. Lipid Peroxidation and Covalent Binding in the Early Function Impairment of Golgi Apparatus by Carbon Tetrachloride. Vol. 8, No. 1, , pp. 1-10.
[13]	Tawfik MS, Badr NA. 2012. Adverse Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on Liver and Kidney Functions in Adult Rats and Potential Protective Effect of Vitamins C and E. Food and Nutrition Sciences. Vol.3, pp. 651-659.
[14]	Farombi EO, Onyema OO. 2006. Monosodium Glutamate Induced Oxidative Damage and Genotoxicity in Rat: Modulatory Role of Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Quercetin,” Human and Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 25, pp. 251-259.
[15]	B. Naganna, “Plasma Proteins,” In: G. P. Talwar, L. M. Srivastava and K. D. Moudgil, Eds., Textbook of Biochemistry and Human Biology, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., New-Delhi, 1989, pp. 59-61.
[16]	Mitchell FL, Veall N, Watts RWE. 1972. Renal Function Tests Suitable for Clinical Practice,” Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, Vol. 9, pp. 1-20.
[17]	Zilva JF, Panmall PR, Mayne PD. 1991.Clinical Chemistry in Diagnosis and Treatment,” 5th Edition, England Clays Ltd.
[18]	Vinodini NA, Nayanatara AK, Ramaswamy C, Anu VR, Rekha DK, Damadara GKM, Ahamed B, and Shabarinath RB. 2010. Study on Evaluation of Monosodium Glutamate Induced Oxidative Damage on Renal Tissue on Adult Wistar Rats,” Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 144-147.