Biological Activity of Extracellular and Intracellular Polysaccharides from Pleurotus tuber-regium Hybrid and Mutant Strains

Comfort Olukemi Bamigboye^{1, 2,} , Julius Kola Oloke¹ and Joanna Felicity Dames²

¹Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, P.O.Box 94, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Easterncape, South Africa

²Department of Pure and Applied Biology (Microbiology Unit), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

Cite this paper:
Comfort Olukemi Bamigboye, Julius Kola Oloke and Joanna Felicity Dames. Biological Activity of Extracellular and Intracellular Polysaccharides from Pleurotus tuber-regium Hybrid and Mutant Strains. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2016; 4(7):422-428. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-4-7-2

Abstract

Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Singer (1951) is a unique sclerotium-forming edible and medicinal mushroom. Interestingly, both the sclerotium and mushroom are edible and are often used for curing various ailments. Previous studies have focused on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) from wild P. tuber-regium. There has been no report on the intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) of the wild mycelia, likewise there is very meager information on the improvement of the perceived potentials of P. tuber-regium. This research study analysed the EPS and IPS fractions of P. tuber-regium hybrid and mutant strains. The antimicrobial potential of the IPS and EPS fractions, their scavenging activity on 1, 1-diphenyl–2picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and Hydroxyl radicals were also determined. Both IPS and EPS fractions of P. tuber-regium hybrids and mutants showed increased DPPH and hydroxyl scavenging activity over the wild P. tuber-regium with an EC₅₀ mostly < 1 mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity of the IPS from a mutant strain had an IC₅₀ of 15.6 mg/ml compared to the wild type (18.75 mg /ml). This study showed that selected mutant and hybrids of P. tuber-regium had increased radical scavenging activity indicating potentially increased biological activity that could offer increased benefit as a neutraceutical.

Keywords:
antioxidant antimicrobial Pleurotus species sclerotium medicinal mushrooms Lentinus tuber-regium neutraceutical

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Adebayo, E.A., Oloke, J.K., Ayandele, A.A and Adegunlola, C.O. (2012). Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial assay of mushroom metabolite from Pleurotus pulmonarius – Lau -09 (JF736658). Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 2(2): 366-374.
[2]	Bhuvaneswari, S., Murugesan, S., Subha, T.S. Dhamotharan, R., Shettu, N. (2013). In vitro antioxidant activity of marine red algae Chondrococcus hornemanni and Spyridia fusiformis Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 5 (3): 82-85.
[3]	Bamigboye C.O, Oloke J.K, Adebayo E.A, Majolagbe O.N, Ayandiran,T.A., Adegunlola E.O. (2013). Mycomeat production through the solid state fermentation of soymilk waste by lentinus subnudus. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 3(11): 2225-0921.
[4]	Challen, M. P. and Elliott, T. J. (1987). Production and evaluation of fungicide resistant mutants in the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Trans. Br . mycol. Soc. 88 (4), 433-439.
[5]	Deng, C., Hu, Z., Fu, H., Hu, M., Xu, X. and Jinghua Chen (2012). Chemical analysis and antioxidant activity in vitro of a ˇβ-d-glucan isolated from Dictyophora indusiata. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 51: 70-75.
[6]	Dzomeku, M. (2009). Studies on the occurrence, ethnomycology and cultivation of P. tuber-regium (Fr.) Sing. Kumasi, Ghana: Kwameh Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, M.Phil Thesis.
[7]	Wu, G., Hu, T., Li, Z., Huang, Z. and Jiang J. In vitro antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Sing. Food Chemistry 148, 351-356, 2014.
[8]	Huang, H., Ko, M., Chaing, Y., Chien, T, and Tsai, Y. Pleurotus tuber-regium Polysaccharides Attenuate Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Diabetic Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Article ID 856381, 2012.
[9]	Cilerdžic, J., Vukojevic, J., Stajic, M., Stanojkovic, T. and Glamoclija, J. (2014). Biological activity of Ganoderma lucidum basidiocarps cultivated on alternative and commercial substrate. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 155, 312-319, 2014.
[10]	Lee, J., Kang, H., Kim, S., Lee, C. and Ro, H. Breeding of New Strains of Mushroom by Basidiospore Chemical Mutagenesis. Mycobiology 39(4): 272-277, 2011.
[11]	Zheng, J., Wang, J., Shi, C., Mao, D., Xu, C. and He, P. Characterization and antioxidant activity for exopolysaccharide from submerged culture of Boletus aereus. Process Biochemistry 49: 1047-1053, 2014.
[12]	Wu, J., Peter, C.K. C, Wong, K. and Huang, N. Studies on submerged fermentation of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Singer. Part 2: effect of carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the culture medium on the content and composition of the mycelial dietary fibre. Food Chemistry 85, 101-105, 2004.
[13]	Muruke, M. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Iron Chelating Activities of A Wild Edible Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus Cystidiosus from Tanzania. Food Science and Quality Management, Vol 29: ISSN 2225-0557, 2014.
[14]	Zhang, M., Zhang, L., Cheung, P.C.K. and Ooi, V.E.C. Molecular weight and anti-tumor activity of the water-soluble polysaccharides isolated by hot water and ultrasonic treatment from the sclerotia and mycelia of Pleurotus tuber-regium. Carbohydrate Polymers 56: 123-128, 2004.
[15]	Muthangya, M., Mshandete, A.M., Amana, M.J., Suhaila O., Amelia, H. and Kivaisi, K. Nutritional and antioxidant analysis of Pleurotus hk 37 grown on agave sisalana saline solid waste. International Journal of Research in Biochemistry and Biophysics; 4(2): 5-12, 2014.
[16]	Okhuoya, J. A.; Okogbo, F. O. "Induction of edible sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber-regium (FR) Sing, in the laboratory". Annals of Applied Biology 117: 295-298. 1990.
[17]	Oso, B. A. Pleurotus tuber-regium from Nigeria. Mycologia, 69: 271-279 (1977).
[18]	Oyetayo, V.O. Free radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties of extracts of wild mushrooms. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology vol 40 pp 380-386, 2009.
[19]	Vilgalys, R.; Moncalvo, J.M.; Liou, S.R.; Volovsek, M. (1996). "Recent advances in molecular systematics of the genus Pleurotus". In Royse, D.J. Mushroom biology and mushroom products: proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, June 9-12, 1996 (PDF). University Park, PA (USA): Pennsylvania State University: World Society for Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products. pp.91-101.
[20]	Winterrbourn, C.C. (1987). Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1, 33-39.
[21]	Sun, X., Hao, L., Ma, H., Li, T., Zheng, L., Ma, Z., Zhai, G., Wang, L., Gao, S., Liu, X., Jia, M., LeJia. Extraction and in vitro antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide by Pleurotus eryngii SI-02. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, vol 44, pp 1081-1088, 2013.
[22]	Patel, Y., Naraian, R., Sunita, K., Abbasi, P. and Singh, V.K. (2013). A new antibiotic resistant mutant of Pleurotus sajor-caju with improved expression of malate dehydrogenase enzyme. International journal of advanced life sciences 6(1): 36-43 (2013).
[23]	Tao, Y., Zhang, L. and Cheung, P.C.K. (2006). Physicochemical properties and antitumor activities of water-soluble native and sulfated hyperbranched mushroom polysaccharides. Carbohydrate Research 341: 2261-2269 (2006).
[24]	Zadrazil, F. Pleurotus (Lentinus) tuber-regium. Mushroom Information, 109, 24-29 (2006).