The Antioxidant Properties of Resveratrol Effectively Mitigate Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress by Enhancing the Endogenous Antioxidant Capacity in Wistar Rats

Lina M. Alneghery¹, Mohammed Al-Zharani¹, Mohammed Mubarak^1, , Nada H. Aljarba², Hassan Rudayni¹, Eman Almuqri¹, Khadijah Yaseen³, Shaikha A. Albatli¹, Saad Alkahtani³, Fahd A. Nasr¹, Amin A. Al-Doaiss⁴ and Mohammed S. Al-eissa¹

¹Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Biology, College of science , Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia

³Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

⁴Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

Cite this paper:
Lina M. Alneghery, Mohammed Al-Zharani, Mohammed Mubarak, Nada H. Aljarba, Hassan Rudayni, Eman Almuqri, Khadijah Yaseen, Shaikha A. Albatli, Saad Alkahtani, Fahd A. Nasr, Amin A. Al-Doaiss and Mohammed S. Al-eissa. The Antioxidant Properties of Resveratrol Effectively Mitigate Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress by Enhancing the Endogenous Antioxidant Capacity in Wistar Rats. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2025; 13(2):61-69. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-13-2-2

Abstract

Resveratrol is a phytochemical found in red grapes, berries, and certain microorganisms. This naturally occurring bioactive polyphenolic compound is known for its various biological activities. The current study aimed to evaluate resveratrol's in vivo antioxidant properties and its effectiveness in reducing oxidative stress caused by cadmium exposure. In the experiment, rats were divided into four groups (n=20): an untreated control group, a resveratrol-treated group, a cadmium-exposed group, and a cadmium-resveratrol group. Hematological and biochemical assays were conducted to meet the study's objectives. The haematological and biochemical profiles of the cadmium-exposed rats (Group 3) showed significant changes, including increases and decreases, compared to the untreated control group. In the biochemical profile analysis of serum, the resveratrol-treated animals in Group 2 displayed no significant differences relative to the untreated control. In contrast, rats in Group 4 (the cadmium-exposed and resveratrol-treated group) exhibited elevated levels of total proteins and marked increases in antioxidant markers, including total thiols, glutathione, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase. Additionally, this group showed a substantial reduction in blood cadmium levels and lower concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea, bilirubin, and oxidative stress markers such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to the cadmium-exposed animals (Group 3). Results from tissue homogenate analysis of the liver and kidneys in Group 3 were consistent with the serum biochemical findings. These results suggest that resveratrol possesses potent antioxidant properties that effectively mitigate oxidative stress resulting from cadmium exposure.

Keywords:
Resveratrol cadmium toxicity oxidative stress antioxidant biochemical profile

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