Recent Review on Traditional Use, Phytochemical Studies and Pharmacological Activity of Three Species from Cucurbita Genus

José Gilberto Gavidia-Valencia¹, Edmundo Arturo Venegas-Casanova², Gladys Gonzales Pósito¹, Rúben Jesus Aro-Díaz², Rafael Jara-Aguilar¹, Iris Melina Alfaro-Beltrán¹, Luisa Olivia Amaya-Lau³ and Ricardo Diego Duarte Galhardo de Albuquerque^{2, 4,}

¹Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, s/n, Centro, Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú

²Departamento de Farmacotecnica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, s/n, Centro, Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú

³Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, s/n, Centro, Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú

⁴Laboratório de Tecnologia em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Mario Viana, 523, Santa Rosa, Niterói, RJ, Brazil

Cite this paper:
José Gilberto Gavidia-Valencia, Edmundo Arturo Venegas-Casanova, Gladys Gonzales Pósito, Rúben Jesus Aro-Díaz, Rafael Jara-Aguilar, Iris Melina Alfaro-Beltrán, Luisa Olivia Amaya-Lau and Ricardo Diego Duarte Galhardo de Albuquerque. Recent Review on Traditional Use, Phytochemical Studies and Pharmacological Activity of Three Species from Cucurbita Genus. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2025; 13(2):53-60. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-13-2-1

Abstract

Pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) is found in many parts of the world and is commonly used in nearby regions as traditional medicine. The aim of this literature review is to compile a comprehensive selection of recent articles related to three pumpkin species: C. maxima, C. pepo, and C. moschata, with a focus on their ethnobotanical applications, chemical composition, and biological activities. Database searches were conducted in Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed Central, yielding 45 documents, including scientific articles and theses, after filtering. This review highlights that Cucurbita spp. have been traditionally employed to address a range of ailments such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, muscle pain, and inflammation, in addition to their use in food (ripe fruit and seeds) and dyes. Their medicinal derivatives, such as hydroethanolic extracts, have demonstrated a wide spectrum of biological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic effects. Key active compounds include polyphenols and carotenoids, which are largely responsible for their effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In conclusion, the findings support the need for ongoing research into these Cucurbita species, to validate their traditional uses across different cultures worldwide and to deepen our understanding of their pharmacological mechanisms, especially regarding the interactions between phytochemicals and pharmacological effects.

Keywords:
ethnobotany pharmacological activity chemical composition pumpkin functional food Cucurbita

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