Mitigation of LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses Via Inhibition of NF-kB and MAPK Signaling Pathways by Betanin, a Coloring Agent

Ming-Jen Sheu¹, Shih-Ying Chen², Charng-Cherng Chyau³, Ying-Chun Lin⁴ and Pin-Der Duh^4,

¹Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710402 Taiwan, R.O.C

²Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710 Taiwan, R.O.C

³Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, 34 Chung-Chie Road, Shalu County, Taichung, 43302 Taiwan, R.O.C

⁴Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 60 Erh-Jen Road, Section 1, Pao-An, Jen-Te District, Tainan, 71710 Taiwan, R.O.C

Cite this paper:
Ming-Jen Sheu, Shih-Ying Chen, Charng-Cherng Chyau, Ying-Chun Lin and Pin-Der Duh. Mitigation of LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses Via Inhibition of NF-kB and MAPK Signaling Pathways by Betanin, a Coloring Agent. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2024; 12(1):26-33. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-12-1-3

Abstract

Betanin has been approved for use in food and pharmaceutical products as a natural red colorant. Recently, potential health benefits of betanin and betanin-rich foods have been discussed. This study aimed to investigate the attenuation of LPS-induced inflammatory responses through inhibition of NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways by betanin. The results show that betanin at 1-50 µM exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on inhibiting LPS-induced intracellular nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interlukin 6 (IL-6). In addition, betanin decreased iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Western blotting analysis indicated that betanin inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) protein expression and also inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway. Above all, anti-inflammatory effects of betanin are attributed to its inhibition of inflammatory gene expression through the blocking of the NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings suggest that betanin is a potential anti-inflammatory mediator for inflammation-related disease treatment.

Keywords:
Anti-inflammatory effect betanin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) NF-kB MAPK RAW264.7 macrophage

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