Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on Growth and Yield of Rice Crop and Uptake and Accumulation of Nutrient and Heavy Metals in Soil

Mohammed Abdullah Alghobar¹ and Sidduraiah Suresha^1,

¹Department of Environmental Science, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India

Cite this paper:
Mohammed Abdullah Alghobar and Sidduraiah Suresha. Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on Growth and Yield of Rice Crop and Uptake and Accumulation of Nutrient and Heavy Metals in Soil. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2016; 4(3):53-60. doi: 10.12691/aees-4-3-1

Abstract

Effect of irrigation with untreated and treated wastewater from Vidyaranyapuram sewage treatment plant station on growth and yield of rice as also in enrichment and bio accumulation of nutrients and metals in soil and rice plant in Vidyaranyapuram area in the South West of Mysore, Karnataka was selected. Treatments included untreated wastewater (UWW); treated wastewater (TWW) and ground water (GW) as control. Experimental was in randomized complete block design with 3 treatments with 3 replicates. Soil samples were collected from 0 - 60 cm depths were analyzed for pH, EC, nutrient and heavy metals contents. Plant height, tiller panicle length, number of tillers per plant, weight of 1000 seeds and yield/ plant were used as indicators. The wastewaters according to FAO system of water quality classification were found suitable for use in leaching and irrigating saline soils especially for short duration crops. Great changes in soil properties due to irrigation with UWW and TWW were observed. The growth and yield characters of rice crop were not improved by irrigation with UWW and TWW; however the high concentration of trace metals affected by lowering the growth and yield (number of grains/panicle, weight of 1000 seeds and yield/plant) attributing factors when irrigated by UWW and TWW as compared to GW control. These effects could be attributed to higher accumulation of micronutrients and macronutrients in soil and plant, when the mean values were highly significant as indicated by the present study.

Keywords:
wastewater rice growth and yield nutrient bio-accumulation factor

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Becerra-Castro, C., Lopes, A.R., Vaz-Moreira,I., Silva, E.F., Manaia, C.M., Nunes, O.C. 2015. Wastewater reuse in irrigation: A microbiological perspective on implications in soil fertility and human and environmental health. Environment International, Vol: 75, 117-135.
[2]	Mukherjee, V., Das, A., Akhand, A., Gupta, G. 2013. Toxicity and profitability of rice cultivation under wastewater irrigation: the case of the East Calcutta Wetlands. Ecological Economics, Vol: 93, 292-300.
[3]	Ambika, S. R., Ambica, P. K., Govindaiah., 2010. Crop growth and soil properties affected by sweage water irrigation a review. Agril Reviews. 31 (3): 203-209.
[4]	Darvishi, H.H., Manshouri, M., Farahani, H.A., 2010. The effect of irrigation by domestic wastewater on soil properties. J. Soil Sci. Environ. Manag. 1(2):030-033.
[5]	Aghtape Amir, Ghanbari Ahmad, Sirousmehr Alireza, Siahsar Baratali Asgharipour Mohamadreza and Tavssol Abolfazl. 2011. Effect of irrigation with wastewater and foliar fertilizer application on some forage characteristics of foxtail millet (Setaria italica), International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Vol. 3(3), pp. 34-42.
[6]	Tavassoli Abolfazl ، Ghanbari Ahmad, Amiri Ebrahim and Paygozar Yousef, 2010. Effect of municipal wastewater with manure and fertilizer on yield and quality characteristics of forage in corn, African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 9(17), pp 2515-2520.
[7]	Tunc, T., Sahin, U. 2015. The changes in the physical and hydraulic properties of a loamy soil under irrigation with simpler-reclaimed wastewaters. Agricultural Water Management, Vol: 158, 213-224.
[8]	Amiri, S.S., Maralian, H., Aghabarati, A., 2008. Heavy metal accumulation in under crown Olea europaea L. forest irrigated with waste water. Afr. J. Biotechnol, 7 (21), 3912-3916.
[9]	Hanjra, M.A., Blackwell, J., Carr, G., Zhang, F., Jackson, T.M., 2012. Wastewater irrigation and environmental health: implications for water governance and public policy. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 215, 255-269.
[10]	Astera, M. 2014. The Ideal Soil: A Handbook for the New Agriculture, Available from: http://www.soilminerals.com.
[11]	Pravin, R., Chaudhari., Ahire, D. V., Ahire, V.D., Manab Chkravarty ,M., Maity, S. 2013. Soil Bulk Density as related to Soil Texture, Organic Matter Content and available total Nutrients of Coimbatore Soil. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol.3, Iss. 2, 1-8.
[12]	Khurana, M. P. S., Singh, P., 2012. Waste Water Use in Crop Production: A Review. Resources and Environment, 2(4): 116-131.
[13]	Silva, L. B.D., de Lima, V.A., Pearson, H., Silva, T.S., Maciel, S.L., Sofiatti, V. 2016. Chemical properties of a Haplustalf soil under irrigation with treated wastewater and nitrogen fertilization. Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. vol.20 no.4 Campina Grande, 308-315.
[14]	Gupta, S.P., Gajender, Yadav, R.K., Magan, S., Koushik, P. 2015. Effect of irrigation schedules of domestic waste water on growth and yield of fodder sorghum. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants. Vol.: 21, Iss.: 2, 257-263.
[15]	Lu, S., Wang, J., Pei, L. 2016. Study on the Effects of Irrigation with Reclaimed Water on the Content and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 298.
[16]	Bedbabis, S., Trigui, D., Ahmed, C.B., Clodoveo, M.L., Camposeo, S., Vivaldi, G.A., Rouina, B.B. 2015. Long-terms effects of irrigation with treated municipal wastewater on soil, yield and olive oil quality. Agricultural Water Management, Vol: 160, 14-21.
[17]	Farahat, E., Linderholm, H.W. 2013. Effects of treated wastewater irrigation on size-structure, biochemical products and mineral content of native medicinal shrubs. Ecological Engineering, Vol: 60, 235-241.
[18]	Biswas, G.C., Sarkar, A., Rashid, M.H., Shohan, M.H., Islam, M., Wang, Q. 2015. Assessment of the irrigation feasibility of low-cost filtered municipal wastewater for red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L cv. Surma). International Soil and Water Conservation Research, Vol: 3, Issue 3, 239-252.
[19]	ICARDA, 2001. Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Manual, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Ryan, J.; Estefan, G.; Rashid, A., pp 172.
[20]	APHA 1998. “Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater.” 20th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA.
[21]	Hossner, L.R., 1996. Dissolution for total methods of soil analysis elemental analysis, third ed. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3: Chemical Methods SSSA & Amer. Soc. of Agron., Madison, WI, 46-64.
[22]	Bremner, M., Mulvaney, C. S., 1982. Nitrogen total. p. 595 - 624. In A. L. Page (ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Agron. No.9, Part 2: Chemical and microbiological properties, 2nd ed., Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, USA.
[23]	Tran, T.S., and R.R. Simard. 1993. Mehlich III-extractable elements. p. 43-49. In M.R. Carter (ed.) Soil sampling and methods of analysis. Canadian Society of Soil Science, Lewis Publ., CRC Press, Boca Ration, FL.
[24]	Hunt R (1978) Plant Growth Analysis. Edward Arnold, U.K: 26-38.
[25]	Al-Hwaiti, M., and O. Al-Khashman. 2014. “Health risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in tomato and green pepper plants grown in soils amended with phosphogypsum waste materials.” Environmental Geochemistry and Health. Springer.
[26]	Kartal, S., Z. Aydın, and S. Tokalıoˇ glu. 2006. “Fractionation of metals in street sediment samples by using the BCR sequential extraction procedure and multivariate statistical elucidation of the data.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 132: 80-89.
[27]	Sutherland, R.A., 2000. “Bed sediment – associated trace metals in an urban stream.” Oahu, Huwaii, Environmental Geology 39: 611-627.
[28]	SAS, 2004. Statistical Analysis System, SAS Institute, Inc. Cary., N. C. USA.
[29]	Lazarova, V., & Bahri, A. (Eds.). 2005. Water Reuse for Irrigation, Agriculture, Landscape and Turf Grass. New York, CRC Press.
[30]	Rattan, R.K., Datta, S.P., Chhonkar, P.K., Suribabu, K., Singh, A.K. 2005. Long-term impact of irrigation with sewage effluents on heavy metal content in soils, crops and groundwater—a case study. Agric. Ecol. Environ. 109: 310-322.
[31]	FAO 1985. Guidelines: land evaluation for irrigated agriculture. Soils Bulletin 55. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
[32]	Berry, W., Ketterings, Q., Antes, S., Page, S., Russell-Anelli, J., Rao, R., DeGloria, S. 2007. Soil Texture. Agronomy fact sheet series of Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University cooperative Extension, 2pp.
[33]	Marshall, T. J., & Holmes, J. W. 1992. Soil physics. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press. (p. 374).
[34]	Metson, A.J., 1961. Methods of Chemical Analysis of Soil Survey Samples. Govt. Printers, Wellington, New Zealand, Pages: 64.
[35]	Vaseghi, S., Afyuni, M., Shariatmadari, H., Mobli, M., 2005. Effect of sewage sludge on some nutrients concentration and soil chemical properties. Journal of Isfahan Water and Wastewater, 53: 15-19 (in Persian).
[36]	Khai, N.M., Tuan, P.T., Vinh, N.C., Oborn, I. 2008. Effects of using wastewater as nutrient sources on soil chemical properties in peri-urban agricultural systems. V.N.U. J.Sci., Earth Sci., (24): 87-95.
[37]	Kumar, V., Chopra A. K., Srivastava, S. 2014. Distribution, enrichment and accumulation of heavy metals in soil and Vigna Mungo L. Hepper (Black Gram) after irrigation with distillery Wastewater. J Environ Health Sci 1(1): 1-8.
[38]	Bernal, M.P., Clemente, R., Walker, D.J. 2006. The role of organic amendment in the bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. In: Gore, R.W. (Ed.), Environmental Research at the Leading Edge. Nova Science, pp. 1e60.
[39]	Adriano, D.C. 1986. Trace element in the terrestrial environment. Springer – Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. p.536.
[40]	Bennett, W.F. (Ed) 1993. Nutrient deficiencies & toxicities in crop plants. College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. p.536.
[41]	Brady, N.C. 1984. The Nature and Properties of Soils. 9th Edition. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York. 750 p.
[42]	Hochmuth, GJ., D.N. Maynard, C.S. Yavrina, and E.A. Hanlon. 1991. Plant tissue analysis and interpretation for vegetable crops in Florida. Fla. Coop. Ext. Servo Spec. Ser. SS-YEC-42.
[43]	Dobermann, A., Fairhurst, T. 2000. Economics of fertilizer use. In ‘Rice: Nutrient disorders & nutrient management’. 1st Edition. Potash & Phosphate Institute (PPI), Potash & Phosphate Institute of Canada (PPIC), and International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), 40-117.
[44]	Mahesh, J., Amerasinghe, P., Pavelic, P. 2015. An integrated approach to assess the dynamics of a peri-urban watershed influenced by wastewater irrigation. Journal of Hydrology, Vol: 523, 427-440.
[45]	Mojid, M.A., Biswas, S.K., Wyseure, G.C.L. 2012. Interaction effects of irrigation by municipal wastewater and inorganic fertilisers on wheat cultivation in Bangladesh. Field Crops Research, Vol: 134, 200-207.
[46]	Varadarajan, K. 1992. Effect of sewage pollution on the physico-chemical properties of soil and water and its impact on the biological systems. Ph.D. thesis, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
[47]	Raju, K., Vishnuvardhan, V., Damodharam, T. 2015. Industrial Effluents Effect on Seedling Growth of Rice and Wheat (Oryza Sativa l. And Triticum Vulgare l.). International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 6, Iss., 7, .4935-4939.
[48]	Singh, P.K., Deshbhratar, P.B., Ramteke, D.S. 2012. Effects of sewage wastewater irrigation on soil properties, crop yield and environment. Agricultural Water Management 103: 100–104.
[49]	Kumar, V., Chopra A. K. 2013a. Enrichment and translocation of heavy metals in soil and plant of Vicia faba L. (Faba bean) after fertigation with distillery effluent. International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research Vol.1 (5), 131-141.
[50]	Joshi, D., Mohan, N., Singh, B., Alok, K., and Namita, A. 2009. Statistical analysis of physicochemical parameters of water of river Ganga in Haridwar district. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 2(3), pp-579-587.