Human Health Risk Assessment of Metal Contamination through Consumption of Fish

M.N. Amirah¹, A.S. Afiza^1, , W.I.W. Faizal², M.H. Nurliyana¹ and S. Laili¹

¹Faculty of Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia

²Centre for Earth Resources Research & Management, University Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia

Cite this paper:
M.N. Amirah, A.S. Afiza, W.I.W. Faizal, M.H. Nurliyana and S. Laili. Human Health Risk Assessment of Metal Contamination through Consumption of Fish. Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health. 2013; 1(1):1-5. doi: 10.12691/jephh-1-1-1

Abstract

The progress of industries has led to the increased of pollutants emission into the ecosystems. One of the most common pollutants is heavy metals. This research deals with human health risk assessment of metal contamination through the consumption of fish at selected river in Kuantan, Pahang. The objective of this research is to determine the concentration of Cu, Pb and Cd contaminant in fish. This research describes the heavy metal experiment analysis and health risk assessment. Inductively Coupled Plasma Membrane System (ICP-MS) was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals in fish. The average concentration of Cu, Pb and Cd in three locations are approximately 0.0205µg/g, 0.0145µg/g and 0.0004µg/g. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) was used in the health risk assessment to determine carcinogenicity of the sample. The result shows that the concentration and THQ of all metal studied (Cu, Pb, Cd) are less than 1; signified that a daily exposure at this level is unlikely to cause any adverse effects during a person lifetime.

Keywords:
fish health risk heavy metal human

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Abdulali K.A. Taweel, M. Shuhaimi-Othman and A.K. Ahmad (2012). Analysis of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from Four Selected Markets in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Biological Sciences.
[2]	Awadallah RM, AE Mohamed, SA Gaber (1985) Determination of trace elements in fish by instrumental neutron activation analysis[J] Radioanal Nucl Chem Lett, 95 (3), pp. 450-454.
[3]	Chien, L.C., Hung, Choang, K.Y., Yeh, C.Y., Meng, P.J., Shieh, M.J., Han, B.C. (2002). Daily intake of TBT, Cu, Zn, Cd and As for fisherman in Taiwan. The Science of the Total Environment 285, 177-185.
[4]	Cooper, C.B., Doyle, M.E., Kipp, K. (1991). Risk of consumption of contaminated seafood, the Quincy Bay Case Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 90, 133-140.
[5]	Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (1993). 41st Report of Joint FAO/WHO Committee on Food Additives, Geneva Switzerland.
[6]	FAO/WHO (1999). Expert Committee on Food Additives, Summary and conclusions, 53rd Meeting, Rome.
[7]	Ferner, D.J. (2001). Toxicity, heavy metals. eMed. Journal, 2(5), 1.
[8]	Fidan, A.F., H. Cigerci, M. Konuk, I. Kucukkurt, R. Aslan and Y. Dundar, (2008). Determination of some heavy metal levels and oxidative status in Carassius carassius L. 1758 from Eber Lake. Environ. Monit. Assess., 147: 35-41.
[9]	Ge, K.Y., (1992). The Status of Nutrient and Meal of Chinese in the 1990s. Beijing People’s Hygiene Press, pp. 415-434.
[10]	Google Maps. (2012). Retrieved http://maps.google.com.my/maps?hl=en&sugexp=les%3B&gs_rn=0&gs_ri=hp&cp=12&gs_id=1a&xhr=t&q=sungai+balok&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&bpcl=39650382.
[11]	Hallenbeck, W.H. (1993). Quantitative Risk Assessment for Environmental and Occupational Health, Lewis, Chelsea, MI.
[12]	International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre. Metals. (1999). In Basics of Chemical Safety, Chapter 7. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
[13]	Jiang QT, Lee TK, Chen K, Wong HL, Zheng JS, Giesy JP, Lo KK, Yamashita N, Lam PK. (2005) Human health risk assessment of organochlorines associated with fish consumption in a coastal city in China. Environ Pollut; 136:155-165.
[14]	Mustafa, S. and D.E. Nilgun, (2006). Copper(II)-rubeanic acid coprecipitation system for separation-preconcentration of trace metal ions in environmental samples for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations. J. Hazard. Mater., B137: 1035-1041.
[15]	Nabawi A, Heinzow B, Kruse H. (1987). As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn in fish from Alexendria Region, Egyption [J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39: 889-897.
[16]	Philip G.R. et al., (1994). Maintanence Requirements for Cooper in Adult Mice Fed AIN-93 in Rodent. Nutrition Research, vol 14, No. 18, pp 1219-1226.
[17]	Raikwar, M. K., Kumar, P., Singh, M. & Singh, A. (2008) Toxic effect of heavy metals in livestock health. Veterinary World, 1 (1), 28-30.
[18]	Shah, S.L. and Altindag, A. (2003). Effects of heavy metal accumulatio on the 96-h LC50 values in Tench Tinca. Turk J vet Anim Sd. 29 139-144.
[19]	Tianjin Environmental Protection Bureau, (2001). Environmental quality report of Tianjin in 1996-2000.
[20]	Tulonen,T.; Pihlstrom, M.; Arvola, L. and Rask, M.(2006). Concentrations of heavy metals in food web components of small, boreal lakes. Boreal Environ. Res., 11:185-194.
[21]	Tuzen,M. (2002). Determination of heavy metals in fish samples of the middle Black Sea (Turkey) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chemistry. 80:119-123.
[22]	Uluturhan E, Kucuksezgin F (2007) Heavy metal contaminants in Red Pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) tissues from the Eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey. Water Res 41:1185-1192.
[23]	USEPA, 2012. Lead and compounds organic. U.S Environmental Protection Agency.
[24]	USEPA, (1989). Risk assessment: guidance for superfund. In: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A), Interim Final, vol 1. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
[25]	USEPA, (2000). Risk based Concentration Table. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA; Washington DC.
[26]	Wang, X., Sato,T., and Baoshan.X., (2005). Health risk of heavy metals to the general public of Tianjin, China via consumption of vegetables and fish. Science of the Total Enivironment. 350:28-37.
[27]	Yuan, C.G., J.B. Shi, B. He, J.F. Liu, L.N. Liang and G.B. Jiang, (2004). Speciation of heavy metals in marine sediments from the East China Sea by ICP-MS with sequential extraction. Environ. Int., 30: 769-783.
[28]	Yujie Zhang,Bowu Zhang, Linfan Li, Ziqiang Wang, Siyuan Xie, Yue Shen, Jingye Li et al. (2012). Radiation induced reduction: an effective and clean route to synthesize functionalized graphene. Journal Of Materials Chemistry, Volume: 22 Issue: 16, ( p.7775 ). 10.1039/c2jm16722k.
[29]	Yujun, Y.,Zhifeng, Y., Shanghong, Z. (2011). Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and, Basin. Journal of Environmental Pollution.159 (2011) 2575-2585.
[30]	Zhang, W., Yu, L., Hutchinson, S.M., Xu, S., Chen, Z., Gao, X., (2001). China’s Yangtze Estuary: 1. Geomorphic influence on heavy metal accumulation in intertidal sediments. Geomorphology 41, 338-347.