Dietary Habits and Lifestyle of Patients with Chronic Renal Disease at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital in Burkina Faso

Lengani Toyadala Hortense¹, Sanou Gaoussou², Ba-Fatoumata Hama³, Bougma Sibiri¹, Sawadogo Yamkaye Aicha¹, Coulibaly Gérard² and Savadogo Aly^1,

¹Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Burkina Faso, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina-Faso

²Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Laboratory of Non-communicable diseases, Nephrology and Hemodialysis Service, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center, 01 BP 7022 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso

³Department of Food Technology, Institute for Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies, 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Cite this paper:
Lengani Toyadala Hortense, Sanou Gaoussou, Ba-Fatoumata Hama, Bougma Sibiri, Sawadogo Yamkaye Aicha, Coulibaly Gérard and Savadogo Aly. Dietary Habits and Lifestyle of Patients with Chronic Renal Disease at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital in Burkina Faso. American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2022; 10(5):224-232. doi: 10.12691/ajfst-10-5-3

Abstract

In Burkina Faso, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem due to its increasing prevalence and the high cost of its treatment. The objective of the present study was to describe the dietary habits (DA) and lifestyle of patients with severe and moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the nephrology and hemodialysis department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital (CHU-YO). This was a prospective study conducted for six months. Data were collected on a collection form using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 75 patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney diseases participated in the study. The patients were asked about their lifestyle such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, level of physical activity and self-medication also their dietary habits using the 24-hour recall method. The nutritional status of the patients was assessed by the anthropometric method. The data were entered into Sphinx version 4.5 software. They were exported to IBM SPSS version 21 for statistical testing. Student's t test and 1-factor ANOVA were used to calculate and compare the means between the different variables. The Chi2 test was considered significant at the 5% level. Results showed a predominance of males (54.70%) over females (45.30%), giving a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.20. Patients' dietary habits were largely based on whole grains or pasta (100%), followed by vegetables (97.15%), condiments (85.75%), spices (61.65%), fats (51.65%), sugars and beverages (51.65%). According to the stage of CKD, 77.10% (3/4) of the patients had abandoned the consumption of fruit in their weekly diet. Nearly 25.58% and 21.88% of the patients in stages 3 and 4, respectively, had not consumed meat since the change to diagnosis of their disease. Alcohol consumption and smoking of patients before the onset of their CKD were significantly associated with 14.67% and 41% of patients respectively (p < 0.05). Low level of sporting activity (61.31%) and self-medication (37.77%) were significantly associated with patients' lifestyle (p < 0.05). Nutritional counseling should be an integral part of the management of patients with CKD in order to effectively evaluate the implementation of dietary management measures.

Keywords:
dietary habits lifestyle chronic kidney disease patients Burkina Faso

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Kouchner B., 2002. Chronic renal insufficiency: towards a public health policy. Presse Med. Feb 2; 31(4): 165-6.
[2]	Kidney Foundation., 2019. World Kidney Day. National Academy of medicine 16, rue Bonaparte - 75006 75006 Paris.
[3]	Jacquelinet C, Stengel B., 2016. Chronic kidney disease. Public health textbook Tabuteau. 3e edition: 536-548.
[4]	Ministry of Moroccan Health., 2010. Registry of chronic end-stage renal disease. p 22; Article Link.
[5]	Coulibaly G, Guissou C, Lengani A., 2011. Primary nephrological consultation at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital in Ouagadougou-Burkina Faso. Nephrology & Therapeutics 7(5): 369.
[6]	Frigout S., 2010. Summary sheet. Framework of the Nephrology Meetings. 9 November, Article Link.
[7]	Olmer M, Marc A, Louis BJ, L C., 2007. Living with kidney disease. 3rd edition 9 November, Volume 1; Article Link.
[8]	World Health Organization (WHO)., 2005. The WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance WHO STEPS surveillance manual NLM classification: WT 500, ISBN 978 92 4 259383 9.
[9]	Stadlmayr B, Charrondière UR, Enujiugha VN, Bayili RG, Fagbohoun EG, Samb B et al. 2012. FAO, Rome. FAO/INFOODS e-Learning. Course on Food Composition Data; Lesson 1.2: Food Composition Tables and Databases FAO. Code Food name in English Food name in French.
[10]	Frimat L, Loos-Ayay C, Briançon S, M K., 2005. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease. Elsevier SAS, Paris, Néphrologie.; 18-025-A-010. Article Link.
[11]	Guissou C., 2009. Nephrological primary consultation at the Center Hospitalier University Yalgado Ouedraogo. [Thesis of medicine]: University of Ouagadougou. p. 56p.
[12]	Skalli Z, Bentiss F, Elhousni S, L B., 2011. Management of hypertension in nephrology. 13th joint meeting of the French-speaking Dialysis Society and the Nephrology Society. Bordeaux. Article Link.
[13]	Bah A, Kaba M, Diallo M, Kake A, Balde M., 2006. Morbidity and mortality in the nephrology department of the Donka national hospital of Mali University of Bamako.
[14]	Pouteil-NobleC V., 2001. Epidemiology and aetiology chronic renal insufficiency. La Revue Du Praticien. 1; 51(4): 365-71 (11355599; Google Scholar).
[15]	Traore A. Hypertension in primary nephrology consultation at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo: epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic aspect. Thesis of medicine. 2016; p98, University of Ouagadougou.
[16]	Kabore PGN. Evolution of renal function in patients suffering from chronic renal disease followed at the Polyclinic Notre Dame de la Paix in Ouagadougou. 2029; Thesis of Med. N° 446 p70, usta.
[17]	Kabore., 2016. Eating habits, overweight, obesity and type 2 diabetes in a hospital setting (CMA) in Ouagadougou. In: Ouagadougou UO, editor.p78.
[18]	Djoufouna, 2017. Dietary habits and arterial hypertension of adult volunteers aged 20 to 75 years at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kara/ Togo. In: Ouagadougou UO, editor. p. p84.
[19]	Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS)., 2011. Etude sur la consommation alimentaire en Afrique de l’Ouest.
[20]	Rossier A, Bullani R, Teta D, Bumier M., 2011. Bicarbonate de sodium pour ralentir la progression de la maladie rénale chronique. Rev Med Suisse v 7, p s478.
[21]	Younes H., 2003. Insuffisance rénale chronique et nutrition Université d’été de Nutrition. Clermont-Ferrand.
[22]	Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease (KDIGO)., 2013. Article Link,
[23]	Becquey E, Delpeuch F, Konate A, Delsol H, Lange M, Zoungrana M, Martin-Prevel Y., 2012. Seasonality of the dietary dimension of household food security in urban Burkina Faso. Br J Nutr, 2012 107: 1860-1870.
[24]	Audrey B., 2009. Nutrition et insuffisance rénale chronique. In: pharmaceutiques S, editor. dumas 01165273.
[25]	World Health Organization (WHO). 2012. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases Report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation, Geneva, 28 January - 1 February 2002. Technical Report Series. TRS916.doc, ISBN 92 4 220913, https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42754.
[26]	Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Chronic Renal Failure (K/DOQI)., 2002. Am J Kidney Dis., 39, Suppl I: 46-75.
[27]	ANAES., 2002. Diagnosis of chronic renal failure in adults Text of professional recommendations. Article Link.
[28]	Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS), 2007. Guide – Affection de longue durée 8: Diabète de type 2.
[29]	https://www.has-sante.fr/jcms/c_1735059/fr/guide-parcours-de-.
[30]	World Health Organization (WHO), 2000. Guidelines for the regulatory assessment of medical products for use in self-medication. http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/s2218e/s2218e.pdf.
[31]	Leriverend H, Clere N, Faure S., 2016. Renal failure and drug nephrotoxicity, Pharmaceutical News. Elsevier, Volume 55, Issue 557, Pages 23-30, ISSN 0515-3700.