Ammoniagenesis, Gluconeogenesis and Calcium Exchange in Isolated Kidney Tubules

B.W. Brazier^1,

¹Bendigo Kangan Institute, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia

Cite this paper:
B.W. Brazier. Ammoniagenesis, Gluconeogenesis and Calcium Exchange in Isolated Kidney Tubules. American Journal of Food and Nutrition. 2016; 4(4):93-102. doi: 10.12691/ajfn-4-4-2

Abstract

To study the connection between ammoniagenesis, gluconeogenesis and calcium exchange in kidney tubules, isolated kidney tubules were incubated in media with pH 5 and pH 7.2 and the exflux of calcium, ammonia production and cellular ATP levels was measure after a constant time period. Results indicate that calcium transport was reduced in low pH and by ammoniagenesis and increased my acetate and pyruvate and insulin inclusions. Results support the hypothesis that the calcium is controlled by ATP availability and that insulin can affect calcium transport by controlling ATP availability.

Keywords:
ammoniagenesis gluconeogenesis calcium exchange hypercalciuri

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Leidid-Buckne,G and Ziegler, R (2001) ‘Diabetes mellitus a risk for osteoporosis?’. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 109 (suppl 2): 493-514.
[2]	Osteoporosis Australia (2014),’Diabetes and osteoporosis Consumer Factsheet’, 1st Edition 08/14
[3]	Atkins International (2015), ‘Atkins Low carb expert’ http://au.atkins.com/?gclid=CIuQpcb0is0CFVgmvQodemcGRQ.
[4]	CSIRO (2016), ‘CSIRO Total wellbeing diet’ https://www.totalwellbeingdiet.com/?utm_source=PM&utm_medium=SEM&utm_campaign=SearchBrand&gclid=CPiSrqH2is0CFYmCvQodPPUEwA.
[5]	Brazier BW (2016a) ‘Effect of Insulin Hypercalciuric Effect of High Protein Diets’American Journal of Food and Nutrition, 2016, Vol. 4, No. 1, 20-29.
[6]	Brazier BW (2016b). ‘Effect of the Level of Dietary Fat and Fat Type on Postprandial Calciuria and Involvement of Insulin’, American Journal of Food and Nutrition, 2016, Vol. 4, No. 2, 55-62.
[7]	Frick, K.K. and D. A. Bushinsky, (2003), Molecular Mechanisms of Primary Hypercalciuria J Am Soc Nephrol 14: 1082-1095,
[8]	Worcester, E. M. and F. L. Coe.(2008) ‘New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Hypercalciuria’ Semin Nephrol. 28(2): 120-132.
[9]	Brazier BW (2016d),'Calcium exchange rates in rat kidney tubule cells affected by insulin and pH',American Journal of Food and Nutrition (in press).
[10]	Brazier BW (2016c) ‘Effect of Serum Insulin on Calciuria Following Protein Meals in Humans’, American Journal of Food and Nutrition, Vol. 4, No. 3, 63-67.
[11]	Tannen, RL. (1978) 'Ammonia metabolism', Am.J.Physiol., 235(4): F265-77.
[12]	Nissim, I. and States, B. (1989) 'Ammoniagenesis by cultural human renal cortical epithelial cells: study with 15N [see comments], Am.J.Physiol., 256(1 Pt 2): F187-96.
[13]	Gougoux, A, Zan, N., Dansereau, D. and Vi rag, P. (1992) 'Metabolic effects of 4-pentenoate on isolated dog kidney tubules', Kidney Int., 42(3): 586-94.
[14]	Silva, P., Ross, B. and Spokes, K. (1980) 'Competition between sodium reabsorption and gluconeogensis in kidneys of steroid-treated rats', Am.J.Physiol., 238(4): F290-5.
[15]	Lissivuori, J., Laitinen, J. and Savolainen, H. (1992) 'Kinetics and renal effects of formic acid in occupationally exposed farmers', Arch.Toxico\', 66(7), pp.522-4.
[16]	Whiting, S.l. and Whitney, H.L. (1987) 'Effect of dietary caffeine and theophylline on urinary calcium excretion in the adult rat', J.Nutr., 117(7): 1224-8.
[17]	Sachs, M. and Forster, H. (1984) 'Effect of caffeine on various metabolic parameters in vivo', Z.Ernahrungwiss, 23(3): 181-205.
[18]	Price, RG. (1979) Isolation of Kidney glomerculi and tubular fragments and cell populations, In: Reid, E., Cell Populations Methodological Surveys (B) Biochemistry: Vo1.9, Ellis Horwood, Chichester
[19]	Willis, J.B. (1960) 'Determination of calcium in blood serum by atomic absorptionspectroscopy', Nature, 186: 249-50.
[20]	Chaney, AL. and Marbach, AP. (1962) 'Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia', Clin.Chem., 8(2): 130-32.
[21]	Nissim, I., Nissim, I. and Yudkoff, M. (1991) 'Adaptation of renal tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism to various acid-base states: study with [3-13C, 5-15N] glutamine', Miner- Electrolvte-Metab., 17(1): 21-31
[22]	Studer, RK. and Borle, AB. (1979) 'Effect of pH on the calcium metabolism of isolated rat kidney cells', J.Membrane BioI., 48(4): 325-41.
[23]	Racher, E. (1980) Fluxes of Ca++ and concepts, Fed.Proc., 39: 2422-26.
[24]	Hammerman, M.R (1985) 'Interaction of insulin with the renal proximal tubular cell', Am.J.Phvsiol., 249 (1 Pt 2), F1-11.
[25]	Wood, RJ. and Allen, L.H. (1983) 'Evidence for insulin involvement in arginine and glucose- induced hypercalciuria in the rat', J.Nutr., 113(8): 1561-67.
[26]	Massey, L.K and Opryszek, AA (1990) 'Adaptation to dietary caffeine or calcium excretion in young women', Nut.Res., 10(7): 741-7.
[27]	Massey, L.K and Hallingberg, EH. (1988a) 'Acute effects of dietary caffeine and aspirin on urinary mineral excretion in pre and post-menopausal women', Nut.Res., 8(8): 845-5l.
[28]	Massey, L.K and Hallingberg EH. (1988b) 'Acute effect of dietary caffeine and sucrose on urinary mineral excretion of healthy adolescents', Nut.Res., 8(9): 1005-12.
[29]	Whiting, S.l. and Whitney, H.L. (1987) 'Effect of dietary caffeine and theophylline on urinary calcium excretion in the adult rat', J.Nutr., 117(7): 1224-8.