Effect of Freeze-Thaw Treatment on Free Radical Scavenging and Linoleic Acid Reducing Potential of Nelumbo nucifera Rhizome Starch: Response-surface Optimization

Haq Nawaz^1, , Raheela Jabeen², Rana Farhat Mehmood³, Misbah Irshad⁴, Muhammad Imran Irfan⁵, Madiha Shahid¹ and Mubashir Nawaz¹

¹Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan-60800, Pakistan

²Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Multan-60000, Pakistan

³Department of Chemistry, Dera Ghazi Khan Campus, University of Education, Lahore

⁴Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore

⁵Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan

Cite this paper:
Haq Nawaz, Raheela Jabeen, Rana Farhat Mehmood, Misbah Irshad, Muhammad Imran Irfan, Madiha Shahid and Mubashir Nawaz. Effect of Freeze-Thaw Treatment on Free Radical Scavenging and Linoleic Acid Reducing Potential of Nelumbo nucifera Rhizome Starch: Response-surface Optimization. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2021; 9(10):523-530. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-9-10-4

Abstract

Background/Objective: Repeated freezing and thawing results in the structural, compositional, and functional modifications in food materials. The present study was designed to optimize the effect of Freeze-thaw treatment (FTT) on free radical scavenging and linoleic acid reduction potentials of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome starch (NNRS). Methodology: A 4-factorial response-surface central composite design (CCD) based on three levels of each of the four input factors including freezing temperature (F_T: -40, -20, and 0°C), freezing time (F_t: 24, 48, and 72 h), thawing time (T_t: 2, 4, and 6 h), and number of freeze-thaw cycles (FTC: 2, 4, and 6) was constructed. The NNRS was treated at different combinations of input variables as selected by CCD. The Freeze-thaw-treated N. nucifera rhizome starch (FTT-NNRS) was analyzed for antioxidant potential. Principle Findings: A statistically significant main effect (p=0.0017-0.0029) of FTT was observed on free radical scavenging and linoleic acid reducing potential (LARP) of NNRS. The 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging potential was found to be a linear positive function of F_T and F_t while hydroxyl radical scavenging potential showed a linear linear negative response towards F_T and linear positive response towards FTC_. The LARP also showed a linear positive response towards F_T and T_t and quadratic positive response towards F_T. Conclusion: FTT significantly affected the free radical scavenging potential and LARP of NNRS that may be attributed to the time-dependent variation in the structure of starch and exposure of some antioxidant residues after repeated freezing and thawing treatments.

Keywords:
free radical scavenging potential Freeze-thaw treatment Linoleic acid-reducing potential Nelumbo nucifera rhizome starch Response surface methodology

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