Breathing Patterns of Healthy Human Response to Different Levels of Physical Activity

Endalew Getnet Tsega^1, , V.K. Katiyar¹ and Pratibha Gupta¹

¹Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India

Cite this paper:
Endalew Getnet Tsega, V.K. Katiyar and Pratibha Gupta. Breathing Patterns of Healthy Human Response to Different Levels of Physical Activity. Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology. 2019; 7(1):1-4. doi: 10.12691/jbet-7-1-1

Abstract

Many people nowadays do physical activities to improve long-term health, strengthen muscles and bones and get emotional and mental benefits. During physical activity, rate and depth of breathing increase because working muscles need extra oxygen in order to produce more energy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the breathing pattern of healthy human in response to different levels of physical activity measured by distance and duration. Spirometric measurement of breathing parameters of five male participants at rest (sitting and standing) and response to different levels of physical activity (walking, jogging and running) was performed. Using the spirometry data, mathematical models were developed to describe the resulting breathing patterns. The data and the model were used for the analysis of breathing patterns. There was small variation of corresponding breathing parameters for a subject during sitting and standing at rest. Increasing the level of physical activity raised the respiratory characteristic such as tidal volume, breathing frequency and flow rate. The average and peak inspiratory and expiratory flow rates were obtained for the five breathing conditions. The peak inspiratory air flow rate in response to running was 3.4 times that of walking. It was 3.7 times for expiration. Breathing patterns of any two individuals are different. The human breathing is highly affected by the level of physical activity we are doing. The study can help to create awareness regarding breathing pattern related to physical activity and to choose appropriate physical activity.

Keywords:
physical activity healthy respiratory response breathing parameters sinusoidal curve

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Caspersen, C.I., Powell, K.E., Christenson, G.M., 1985. Physical activity, exercise and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public health Reports 100, 126-131.
[2]	Baker, J. S., McCormick, M.C., Robergs, R. A., 2010. Interaction among skeletal muscle metabolic energy systems during intense exercise. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism.
[3]	Katch, V. L., McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., 2011. Essentials of Exercise Physiology. Fourth edition, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. 263-300.
[4]	Guenette, J. A., Witt, J. D., McKenzie, D. C., Road, J. D., Sheel A.W., 2007. Respiratory mechanics during exercise in endurance-trained men and women. Journal of Physiology 581, 1309-1322.
[5]	Mihailova. A., Kaminska, I., 2016. Lung volumes related to physical activity, physical fitness, aerobic capacity and body mass index in students. SHS Web of Conferences 30, 00017.
[6]	Johnson, A.T., 2007. Biomechanics and Exercises Physiology: Quantitative Modeling. Second edition, CRC press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
[7]	Serna, L.Y., Mañanas, M.A., Hernández, A.M., Rabinovich, R.A., 2018. An improved dynamic model for the respiratory response to exercise. Frontiers in Physiology, 9: 69.
[8]	Di Paco, A., Catapano, G. A., Vagheggini G., Mazzoleni, S., Micheli L. M. Ambrosino, N., 2014. Ventilatory response to exercise of elite soccer players. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine, 9:20.
[9]	Mcllroy, M. B., 1963. The respiratory response to exercise. Pediatrics, 32:4.
[10]	de Castro, R. R., Lima, S. P., Sales, A. R. K., da Nóbrega, A. C.L., 2017. Minute-ventilation variability during cardiopulmonary exercise test is higher in sedentary men than in athletes. Arq Bras Cardiol 109(3): 185-190.
[11]	Guenette, J. A., Chin, R. C, Cory J.M., Webb K. A., O'Donnell, D.E., 2013. Inspiratory capacity during Exercise: measurement, analysis, and interpretation. Pulmonary Medicine.
[12]	Wu, H., Sharp, G.C, Salzberg, B., Kaeli, D, Shirato, H., Jiang, S.B., 2004. A finite state model for respiratory motion analysis in image guided radiation therapy. Physics in Medical and Biology 49, 5357-72.
[13]	Scheinherr, A. Bailly, L. Boiron, O. Lagier, A. Legou, T. Pichelin. M. Caillibotte, G. Giovanni, A., 2015. Realistic glottal motion and airflow rate during human breathing. Medical Engineering & Physics 37, 829-839.
[14]	Honda, K., Maeda, S. 2008. Glottal-opening and airflow pattern during production of voiceless fricatives: a new non-invasive instrumentation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, p.3738.
[15]	Anderson, N.J., Cassidy, P.E., Janssen, L.L., Dengel, D.R., 2006. Peak inspiratory flows of adults exercising at light, moderate and heavy work Loads. Journal of the International Society for Respiratory Protection 23, 53-63.
[16]	Price, K., Schartz, P., Watson, A.H. 201. The effect of standing and sitting postures on breathing in brass players. Springer Plus 3: 210.
[17]	Neder, J.A, Dal Corso, S, Malaguti, C., Reis, S., De Fuccio, M.B., Schmidt, H., Fuld, J.P., Nery, L.E., 2003. The pattern and timing of breathing during incremental exercise: a normative study. European Respiratory Journal 21, 530-538.
[18]	Paek, D., McCool, F. D., 1992. Breathing patterns during varied activities. Journal Applied Physiology 73, 887-893.