A Visualization of the Higgs Effect to Explore the Origin of Cosmic Rays and Dark Energy Based on the Photon As An Electric Dipole

Zhonglin BO^1,

¹Independent Researcher, Shanghai, China

Cite this paper:
Zhonglin BO. A Visualization of the Higgs Effect to Explore the Origin of Cosmic Rays and Dark Energy Based on the Photon As An Electric Dipole. International Journal of Physics. 2026; 14(1):6-12. doi: 10.12691/ijp-14-1-2

Abstract

This study presents a novel analogy for the Higgs mass-generation mechanism, based on the hypothesis of the photon as an electric dipole in combined motions, a rotation and a linear uniform motion perpendicular to its rotational axis. Within this framework, photon interaction occurs through two distinct chemical bonding modes: a side-by-side (-bond) or a head-to-tail (-bond) configuration, resulting in the formation of a quadrupole. The subsequent collision of these quadrupoles with ambient photons and their resulting decomposition provides a theoretical visualization for the production of cosmic rays. Furthermore, this chemical bonding analysis identifies specific candidates for dark matter and dark energy, effectively integrating mass generation, cosmic ray origins, and dark energy into a unified model of photon interaction. By deriving matter's mass-generation mechanism from these interactions, the study concludes that mass is inherently quantized, mirroring the fundamental quantization of energy

Keywords:
Electrical Dipole Quadrupole Higgs Particle Higgs Effect Mass Generation Photon Molecule Cosmic Rays Proton Neutron Electron Positron Dark matter Dark Energy

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