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V. Simulik, D.I. Bondar, “The Mass and Velocity of Light from Energy and Momentum Conservation”, arXiv 2509.12477(2025)

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Article

A Visualization of the Higgs Effect to Explore the Origin of Cosmic Rays and Dark Energy Based on the Photon As An Electric Dipole

1Independent Researcher, Shanghai, China


International Journal of Physics. 2026, Vol. 14 No. 1, 6-12
DOI: 10.12691/ijp-14-1-2
Copyright © 2026 Science and Education Publishing

Cite this paper:
Zhonglin BO. A Visualization of the Higgs Effect to Explore the Origin of Cosmic Rays and Dark Energy Based on the Photon As An Electric Dipole. International Journal of Physics. 2026; 14(1):6-12. doi: 10.12691/ijp-14-1-2.

Correspondence to: Zhonglin  BO, Independent Researcher, Shanghai, China. Email: billzlbo@gmail.com

Abstract

This study presents a novel analogy for the Higgs mass-generation mechanism, based on the hypothesis of the photon as an electric dipole in combined motions, a rotation and a linear uniform motion perpendicular to its rotational axis. Within this framework, photon interaction occurs through two distinct chemical bonding modes: a side-by-side (-bond) or a head-to-tail (-bond) configuration, resulting in the formation of a quadrupole. The subsequent collision of these quadrupoles with ambient photons and their resulting decomposition provides a theoretical visualization for the production of cosmic rays. Furthermore, this chemical bonding analysis identifies specific candidates for dark matter and dark energy, effectively integrating mass generation, cosmic ray origins, and dark energy into a unified model of photon interaction. By deriving matter's mass-generation mechanism from these interactions, the study concludes that mass is inherently quantized, mirroring the fundamental quantization of energy

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