| [1] | Zuengler, J. (1982). Kenyan English. In B. Kachru (Ed.), The other tongue: English across cultures (pp. 112-124). Oxford: Pergamon Press. |
| |
| [2] | Muthwii, M. & Kioko, A. (Eds.). (2004). New language bearings in Africa: A fresh quest. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. |
| |
| [3] | Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., & Tiffin, M. (1989). The empire writes back: Theory and practice in post-colonial literatures. London: Rutledge. |
| |
| [4] | Ellis, R. (2000). The study of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. |
| |
| [5] | Platt, J., Weber, H. & Lian, M. (1984). Singapore and Malaysia: Varieties of English around the world. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins. |
| |
| [6] | Bamgbose, A. (1995). English in the Nigerian environment. In A. Bamgbose, A. Banjo, & A. Thomas (Eds.), New Englishes: A West African perspective (pp. 9-26). Mosuro: The British Council. |
| |
| [7] | Bokamba, E. (1984). The fiction of the native speaker in L2 research. In J.E. Alatis (Ed.), GURT on languages and linguistics (pp. 243- 252). Washington: Georgetown University Press. |
| |
| [8] | Bamgbose, A., Banjo, A. & Thomas, A. (Eds.). (1995). New Englishes: A West African perspective. Mosuro: The British Council. |
| |
| [9] | Chick, J. & Wade, R. (1997). Restandardization in the direction of a new English: Implications for access and equity. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 18(4), 271-284. |
| |
| [10] | Kembo-Sure (2004). Establishing national standard and English language curriculum change in Kenya. In M.J. Muthwii & A.N. Kioko (Eds.), New language bearings in Africa: A fresh quest (pp. 101-115). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. |
| |
| [11] | Kioko, A. & Muthwii, M. (2001). The demands of a changing society: English in education in Kenya today. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 14(3), 201-213. |
| |
| [12] | Kenya Institute of Education (2002). Revised English syllabus for Kenya primary schools. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau. |
| |
| [13] | Republic of Kenya (1999). National and housing census. Nairobi: Government Printers. |
| |
| [14] | Mbaabu, I. (1996). Language policy in East Africa. Nairobi: ERAP. |
| |
| [15] | Abdulaziz, M. (1991). East Africa. In J. Cheshire (Ed.), English around the world: Sociolinguistic perspectives (pp. 391-401). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
| |
| [16] | Kanyoro, M. (1991). The politics of English language in Kenya and Tanzania. In J. Cheshire (Ed.), English around the world: Sociolinguistic perspectives (pp. 402-419). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
| |
| [17] | Muthiani, J. and Muchiri, M. (1987). Teaching English in Kenya secondary schools. Nairobi: Ministry of Education Publications. |
| |
| [18] | Schmied, J. (1991). English in Africa: An Introduction. London: Longman. |
| |
| [19] | Totally Integrated Quality Education and Training (1999). Totally integrated quality education and training report of the commission of inquiry into the education system of Kenya. Nairobi: Government Printers. |
| |
| [20] | Jones, D. (1975). An outline of English phonetics (15th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
| |
| [21] | Roach, P. (1998). English phonetics and phonology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
| |
| [22] | Nthiga, P. (2003). Patterns of code switching in pre-primary classroom discourse in selected schools at Kasarani Division, Nairobi. Unpublished MA Thesis, Kenyatta University, Kenya. |
| |
| [23] | Nyamasyo, E. (1994). An analysis of the spelling errors in the written English of Kenyan pre- university students. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 7 (1), 79-92. |
| |
| [24] | Wardhaugh, R. (1998). An introduction to sociolinguistics. (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. |
| |
| [25] | Gathumbi, A. W. (1995). Verbal discourse events in a bilingual formal setting: instructional procedures in ESL classrooms in Kenyan secondary schools. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Reading, UK. |
| |
| [26] | Chaudron, C. (1995). Second language classroom: Research on teaching and learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
| |
| [27] | Gass, S. & Selinker, L. (2001). Second language acquisition: An introductory course. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Associates. |
| |
| [28] | Schneider, E. (2004). Investigating variation and change in written documents. In J. Chambers, P. Trudgill & N. Schilling-Estes (Eds.), The handbook of language variation and change (pp. 67-96). Oxford: Blackwell. |
| |
| [29] | Milroy, L. & Gordon, M. (2003). Sociolinguistics: Method and interpretation. Oxford: Blackwell. |
| |
| [30] | Cheshire, J. (1982). Variation in English dialect: A sociolinguistic study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
| |
| [31] | Wells, J. C. (1982). Accents of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
| |
| [32] | Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. & Svartvik, J. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English language. London: Longman. |
| |
| [33] | Kenya Institute of Education (1999). Primary teachers education pre-service programme syllabus. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau. |
| |
| [34] | Rubdy, R. (2003). Remaking Singapore for the new age: Official ideology and the realities of practice in language-in-education. In A. Lin & P. Martin (Eds.), Decolonisation, globalisation: Language-in-education policy and practice (pp. 55-73). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. |
| |
| [35] | Lemon, L. (n.d). Singapore English: Status, use and politics. Retrieved Jan 10, 2007 from www.angelfire.com/planet. |
| |