Developing and Testing Psychometric Properties of “readiness for e-learning scale” among a Sample of Egyptian University Students

Abdul-Naser El-sayed Aamer¹ and Shewikar Farrag^2,

¹Professor of Measurement, Evaluation, and Psychological and Educational Statistics, Head of Educational Psychology Department, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt

²Professor of Pediatric Nursing, Former Acting Vice-Dean of Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Research, Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia

Cite this paper:
Abdul-Naser El-sayed Aamer and Shewikar Farrag. Developing and Testing Psychometric Properties of “readiness for e-learning scale” among a Sample of Egyptian University Students. American Journal of Educational Research. 2023; 11(3):116-124. doi: 10.12691/education-11-3-3

Abstract

Students’ readiness for distance learning is used as a main factor to evaluate electronic /distance education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure students ‘readiness for distance education, and to assess the level / dimensions of student readiness for its utilization. An electronic survey was developed and administered to 544 students who were enrolled in Suez Canal University, Egypt. The results demonstrated that age (M=19.35, SD=2.86). Data has been analysed using descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis via the use of SPSS (28) and MPLUS (7). The results showed that the correlated five factors model of e- learning readiness was the best fit model with the sample data, moderate levels of self-directed learning, learner control, motivation, online interaction and self-efficacy during communication, while a high level of self-efficacy concerning the use of internet to access distance education. Male students had more readiness for distance learning than females in the study group. The study recommended raising awareness and developing programs to enhance distance education and increase students ‘readiness toward its application.

Keywords:
electronic / distance learning readiness learning motivation online learning environment factor analysis psychometric properties

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