Selection for Drought Tolerance in Wheat Population (Triticum aestivum L.) by Independent Culling Levels

A.A.S. Ahmed^1, , M.A. El-Morshidy², K.A. Kheiralla², R. Uptmoor³, M.A. Ali⁴ and Naheif E.M. Mohamed¹

¹Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt

²Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt

³Institute of Biological Production Systems, Hannover University, Germany

⁴Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Egypt

Cite this paper:
A.A.S. Ahmed, M.A. El-Morshidy, K.A. Kheiralla, R. Uptmoor, M.A. Ali and Naheif E.M. Mohamed. Selection for Drought Tolerance in Wheat Population (Triticum aestivum L.) by Independent Culling Levels. World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2014; 2(2):56-62. doi: 10.12691/wjar-2-2-5

Abstract

Field experiments were carried out at Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt to estimate observed and expected response to selection and genetic parameters after two cycles of phenotypic selection in F₂ population. Highly significant differences among F₃ and F₄ families under normal and drought stress conditions for no. of spikes/plant (NS), 100-Seed weight (SW), plant height (PH), days to heading (DH) and grain yield/plant (GY) were observed. Direct response to selection for NS, SW and PH were positive and highly significant with values of 15.16, 26.34 and 6.18 %, respectively compared with check cultivar ( 1) in F₄ generation under normal conditions. Meanwhile, under drought conditions, they were 14.39, 20.35 and 6.35%, respectively. Correlated response to selection was significant and positive for GY compared with check cultivar under two conditions. While, it was very significant and negative for HD under normal and drought stress. Expected response to selection for NS, SW and PH were (1.45 and 1.62 spikes/plant), (0.37 and 0.23 gm) and (6.21 and 5.90 cm), respectively in F₄ under normal and water stress conditions, respectively. High broad sense heritability values for NS, SW and PH was obtained under normal and drought stress in F₃ and F₄ generations. Narrow sense heritability in F4 were (48.24 and 55.31%), (53.34 and 43.43%) and (52.12 and 48.73%) for NS, SW and PH, respectively, under normal and drought stress, respectively. Positive and significant correlation between three characters (no. of spikes/pant, 100 kernel weight and plant height) and grain yield/plant under normal and drought stress conditions. Thus, direct selection of these characters should be of major concern for increased grain yield under two conditions. Drought susceptibility index (DSI) showed that four families were superior for drought tolerance and had high grain yield under drought stress in F₄ generations. These genotypes could be used as source of drought tolerance/or factors contributing to general adaptation.

Keywords:
selection ICL direct response DSI wheat

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